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. 2014 Apr 11;9(4):e94513. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094513

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© 2014 Ramanujam et al

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(A) A pair of FX traces obtained in the presence of 10 mM Ca²⁺. The contour length change upon unfolding is ∼29 nm and the unfolding force is ∼125 pN in the sawtooth curves (black). WLC fits are also shown (grey). (B) The unfolding force histograms of (M-crystallin)₈ in holo (filled) and apo (unfilled) show that Ca²⁺ stabilizes the protein mechanically by ∼35 pN.