Figure 5. Pulling speed dependence on mechanical unfolding of (M-crystallin)₈.

A semi-logarithmic plot of unfolding force versus pulling speed for apo protein (○) and holo protein (•). Errors bars in the experimental data are SE. The Monte Carlo fits (solid line) are also shown for apo and holo proteins. Results from Monte Carlo simulations are given in Table 2. It is evident from the data that Ca²⁺ binding mechanically stabilizes M-crystallin by ∼30 pN at all pulling speeds.