Table 1.
Main characteristics of the study population (n = 3,700) with and without stratification by use of BP-lowering medication.
| Variable | Total (n = 3,700) | Medicated (n = 2,685) | Nonmedicated (n = 1,015) | p-Valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Continuous variables [median (IQR)] | ||||
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 125 (26.0) | 120 (22.0) | 139 (27.0) | < 0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 78.0 (13.0) | 77.0 (12.0) | 81.0 (14.0) | < 0.001 |
| Age (years) | 57.0 (20.0) | 53.0 (17.0) | 68.0 (15.0) | < 0.001 |
| Deprivation indexb | –1.82 (1.28) | –1.82 (1.22) | –1.81 (1.37) | < 0.001 |
| Annual average NO2 levels (μg/m3) | 26.6 (11.7) | 26.4 (11.6) | 26.8 (11.9) | 0.837 |
| Traffic Lnight [dB(A)], 2300–0700 hours | 56.6 (7.00) | 56.5 (7.00) | 56.9 (7.10) | 0.022 |
| Railway Lnight [dB(A)], 2300–0700 hours | 41.2 (15.2) | 41.4 (15.0) | 41.0 (15.2) | 0.056 |
| Daily mean NO2 levels, lag 0 (μg/m3) | 32.0 (11.9) | 32.0 (11.7) | 31.7 (12.6) | 0.362 |
| Daily mean temperature, lag 0 (ºC) | 14.5 (12.4) | 14.3 (12.8) | 15.0 (11.7) | 0.021 |
| Categorical variables [n (%)] | ||||
| Hypertension, yes | 1,478 (39.9) | 565 (21.0) | 913 (90.0) | < 0.001 |
| Sex, male | 1,720 (46.5) | 1,203 (44.8) | 517 (50.9) | 0.001 |
| Body mass index | ||||
| < 20 | 135 (3.60) | 124 (4.60) | 11 (1.10) | < 0.001 |
| 20–25 | 1,110 (30.0) | 939 (35.0) | 171 (16.8) | |
| 25.1–30 | 1,618 (43.7) | 1,168 (43.5) | 450 (44.3) | |
| > 30 | 837 (22.6) | 454 (16.9) | 383 (37.7) | |
| Living alone, yes | 413 (11.2) | 265 (9.90) | 148 (14.6) | < 0.001 |
| Educational level | ||||
| University or similar | 1,050 (28.4) | 853 (31.8) | 197 (19.4) | < 0.001 |
| Secondary | 1,110 (30.0) | 878 (32.7) | 232 (22.9) | |
| Primary | 1,432 (38.7) | 902 (33.6) | 530 (52.2) | |
| Illiterate | 108 (2.90) | 52 (1.90) | 56 (5.50) | |
| Smoking | ||||
| Never smokers | 1,881 (50.8) | 1,329 (49.5) | 552 (54.4) | < 0.001 |
| Smokers | 811 (21.9) | 677 (25.2) | 134 (13.2) | |
| Former smokers | 1,008 (27.2) | 679 (25.3) | 329 (32.4) | |
| Diabetes, yes | 580 (15.7) | 265 (9.90) | 315 (31.0) | < 0.001 |
| Daily alcohol intake (g/L) | ||||
| No alcohol | 956 (25.8) | 630 (23.5) | 326 (32.1) | < 0.001 |
| Little (< 20) | 2,237 (60.5) | 1,672 (62.3) | 565 (55.7) | |
| Moderate (20.1–39.9) | 390 (10.5) | 292 (10.9) | 98 (9.70) | |
| Excessive (≥ 40) | 117 (3.20) | 91 (3.40) | 26 (2.60) | |
| Cardiovascular disease,c,d yes | 269 (7.30) | 83 (3.10) | 186 (18.5) | < 0.001 |
| Abbreviations: IQR, interquartile range. aChi-square test and Kruskal–Wallis test for strata of BP-lowering drugs with categorical variables or continuous variables, respectively. bHigh deprivation corresponds to high values. cMyocardial infarction, ictus, or any cardiovascular surgical intervention. dn < 3,700 (< 1% missing observations). | ||||