Table 3. Mean values and standard deviation for the different mood scales according to time point & study period (baseline vs mean of Day 3-4-5) for the low drinkers group consuming 1 L/day at baseline and 2.5 L/day during intervention days.
| Outcome parameters | Time point | p value (for main intervention effect) | ||||
| 07:00 | 14:00 | 16:00 | 18:00 | 20:00 | ||
| POMS | ||||||
| Tension | ||||||
| Day 1 | −0.3±4.1 | −1.9±1.9 | −2.3±1.6 | −1.6±1.8 | −1.8±1.5 | ns |
| Day 3-4-5 | −1.3±1.4 | −1.8±1.6 | −1.7±1.6 | −1.7±1.7 | −1.8±1.7 | |
| Depression | ||||||
| Day 1 | 1.2±1.7 | 0.8±1.4 | 0.5±1.0 | 0.2±0.6 | 0.5±1.2 | ns |
| Day 3-4-5 | 0.5±0.9 | 0.6±1.0 | 0.5±1.1 | 0.5±1.1 | 0.7±1.7 | |
| Anger | ||||||
| Day 1 | 1.8±2.8 | 1.1±1.5 | 0.5±0.8 | 0.4±0.6 | 0.5±1.0 | ns |
| Day 3-4-5 | 0.9±1.6 | 0.6±1.1 | 0.4±0.9 | 0.7±1.4 | 0.6±1.1 | |
| Fatigue | ||||||
| Day 1 | 5.0±3.7 | 3.0±2.4 | 2.1±2.9 | 1.8±2.3 | 2.7±3.2 | p<0.001 |
| Day 3-4-5 | 2.3±2.3 | 1.8±1.8 | 1.9±1.9 | 1.7±1.7 | 1.8±1.8 | |
| Confusion | ||||||
| Day 1 | 0.8±4.0 | −0.8±2.1 | −1.0±2.2 | −1.0±2.1 | −0.5±2.0 | p = 0.05 |
| Day 3-4-5 | −0.4±1.6 | −1.2±1.8 | −1.2±1.9 | −1.1±1.7 | −1.0±2.1 | |
| Vigor | ||||||
| Day 1 | 11.6±6.2 | 11.7±5.7 | 11.7±6.0 | 11.1±6.3 | 10.1±6.9 | p<0.05 |
| Day 3-4-5 | 6.7±5.2 | 10.2±6.2 | 10.8±6.3 | 10.4±6.2 | 9.7±6.4 | |
| KSS | ||||||
| Day 1 | 4.3±1.8 | 3.2±1.3 | 3.0±1.8 | 3.2±1.5 | 3.2±1.7 | p = 0.0729 |
| Day 3-4-5 | 4.6±1.4 | 2.8±1.4 | 2.7±1.2 | 2.5±1.1 | 2.7±1.1 | |
| eVAS | ||||||
| Day 1 | 68.7±14.9 | 71.0±13.2 | 68.1±16.1 | 72.6±13.5 | 70.2±16.4 | ns |
| Day 3-4-5 | 61.1±12.0 | 71.5±12.9 | 74.3±14.4 | 75.6±14.2 | 75.5±13.6 | |
| B&L VAS | ||||||
| Alertness | ||||||
| Day 1 | 37.0±17.5 | 30.4±14.8 | 30.5±16.8 | 28.4±15.0 | 32.9±16.6 | ns |
| Day 3-4-5 | 41.6±16.7 | 28.4±15.0 | 27.2±15.6 | 26.7±13.9 | 28.3±15.3 | |
| Calmness | ||||||
| Day 1 | 26.8±20.1 | 23.4±15.1 | 25.0±15.2 | 26.1±13.4 | 24.7±13.7 | ns |
| Day 3-4-5 | 24.1±23.7 | 25.3±25.2 | 24.8±22.0 | 26.5±22.3 | 24.4±21.7 | |
| Contentedness | ||||||
| Day 1 | 26.9±17.0 | 24.5±12.1 | 22.2±10.6 | 23.2±11.7 | 24.4±13.1 | ns |
| Day 3-4-5 | 28.8±12.9 | 23.7±14.4 | 22.2±13.7 | 22.1±12.4 | 22.5±12.6 | |
| tVAS | ||||||
| Day 1 | 43.7±23.7 | 43.1±20.4 | 53.8±22.5 | 38.8±21.7 | 49.4±21.3 | p<0.001 |
| Day 3-4-5 | 55.8±20.4 | 31.8±18.7 | 34.4±19.6 | 30.0±20.7 | 33.5±20.5 | |
Abbreviations: POMS, Profile Of Mood States; KSS, Karolinska Sleepiness Scale; eVAS, emotional Visual Analogue Scale; B&L VAS, Bond & Lader Visual Analogue Scales; tVAS, thirst Visual Analogue Scale.