. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Apr 11.

Published in final edited form as: J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2009 Aug 28;52(6):1530–1554. doi: 10.1044/1092-4388(2009/08-0020)

Table 5.

Within-behavior comparisons for complexity of jaw movement across different classifications of multisyllabic vocalizations.

Comparison	Spectral energy description	T	p
Multisyllabic × Level: Age Group 1			.002^a
Multisyllabic × Level: Age Group 2			.004^a
Within Age Group 1 Comparisons
Multisyllabic 1 × Multisyllabic 2	Multisyllabic 3 often had samples of 2 or 3 peaks of energy	2,352.5	.125
Multisyllabic 1 < Multisyllabic 3		454.5	.002^a
Multisyllabic 2 < Multisyllabic 3		910.5	.015^a
Within Age Group 2 Comparisons
Multisyllabic 1 × Multisyllabic 2		NT	NT
Multisyllabic 1 × Multisyllabic 3		NT	NT
Multisyllabic 2 < Multisyllabic 3		9,126	.045^a

Note. Within-behavior main effects were tested using a Kruskal–Wallis one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) on ranks. A main effect was obtained in each age group, and a Mann–Whitney rank sum test was used to test for differences of jaw movement complexity across a set of planned comparisons. NT = not tested; α = .05.

Statistically significant.