Figure 5.

Image results of each patient: (left column) time frame MIP images of dynamic PCASL MRA at one time point, (middle column) the corresponding lateral projection from DSA exam, (right column) colorized MIP TOA maps with time-color bar. In Patient A (1^st row), the arrows point to the branches of the left callosal marginal artery that supplied a large left frontal-parietal AVM. In Patient B (2^nd row), the arrows point to right angular artery and parietal branches (arrowheads) that supplied a right parietal AVM. In patient C (3^rd row), the arrows point to one of the brainstem AVM supplies: superior cerebellar arteries. In patient D (4^th row), the arrows point to the occipital artery as the supply of a left posterior fossa DAVF, and the open arrows point to the early visualization of the antegrade flow in the transverse sinus. The arrowhead in DSA image point to another supply: the left tentorial artery that was not visualized in dynamic PCASL MRA image due to insufficient spatial resolution. In patient E (5^th row), the arrows point to the right posterior meningeal artery as one of the supplies of a right posterior fossa DAVF, and the open arrows point to drainage from the transverse sinus. The filling patterns from red (entry of labeled blood) to purple (farthest reach of labeled blood allowed by PCASL tagging duration) are shown in all five colorized TOA maps.