Table 2.

CES-D items by subscale

Depressed Mood

I felt that I could not shake off the blues…

I felt depressed.

I thought my life had been a failure.

I felt fearful.

I felt lonely.

I had crying spells.

I felt sad.

Somatic Symptoms

I was bothered by things that usually don’t bother me.

I did not feel like eating…

I had trouble keeping my mind on what I was doing.

…everything I did was an effort.

My sleep was restless.

I talked less than usual.

I could not get “going.”

Lack of Well-being

I felt I was just as good as other people.

I felt hopeful about the future.

I was happy.

I enjoyed life.

Interpersonal Problems

People were unfriendly.

I felt that people dislike me.