Table 2.

Patients showing high or low risk for a probiotic-induced sepsis

Type of risk	Patients
High	Immunocompromised patients
	Premature neonates
Low	Patients with a central venous catheter
	Patients receiving probiotics by jejunostomy
	Patients concomitantly receiving broad spectrum antibiotics to which the probiotic is resistant
	Patients receiving probiotics with high mucosal adhesion properties or showing an established pathogenicity
	Patients with cardiac valvular disease (for Lactobacillus probiotics only)

The presence in the same patients of a single major or more than one minor risk factor dictates caution when using probiotics.