TABLE 4.

Biomarker concentrations before and after 6 wk of intervention in a subsample of participants with metabolic syndrome enrolled in a grapefruit feeding trial¹

	Grapefruit (n = 14)		Control (n = 15)
	Pre	Post	Pre	Post	P value2
Plasma sVCAM-1, μg/L	666 ± 134	650 ± 145	603 ± 86	594 ± 94	0.84
Plasma hsCRP, mg/L	2.3 ± 1.7	2.0 ± 1.0	3.1 ± 1.5	3.1 ± 1.6	0.11
Urinary F2-isoprostanes, ng/mg creatinine	14.3 ± 6.7	12.0 ± 4.5	15.0 ± 6.9	18.3 ± 10.9	0.06

¹Values are means ± SDs. No differences were found between groups at baseline for any biomarker. Paired t tests were used to determine the change in biomarker within each randomization group, although no significant differences were found; P < 0.05. hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; sVCAM-1, soluble vascular cellular adhesion molecule 1.

²P values were derived from linear regression models comparing differences between randomization arms, postintervention, after adjustment for baseline value of biomarker.