TABLE 5.
Relation between inflammatory/oxidative stress biomarkers and common CVD risk factors in overweight/obese participants enrolled in a grapefruit feeding trial1
| Predicted change in biomarker3 (95% CI) |
||||
| Risk factor | Predicted effect on biomarker at baseline2 (95% CI) | Control arm | Grapefruit arm | P-interaction4 |
| Plasma sVCAM-1 (μg/L) | ||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | −0.84 (−8.21, 6.54) | −0.26 (−5.75, 5.23) | −1.61 (−5.77, 2.55) | 0.68 |
| WC (cm) | −0.16 (−3.12, 2.79) | −0.29 (−2.42, 1.83) | −0.81 (−2.42, 0.81) | 0.66 |
| Age (y) | 3.15 (0.49, 5.80) | −0.12 (−2.08, 1.84) | 1.0 (−0.71, 2.71) | 0.18 |
| Male sex | 26.5 (−37.0, 89.9) | −36.2 (−78.5, 6.2) | −2.4 (−39.8, 35.0) | 0.16 |
| Plasma hsCRP (mg/L) | ||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 0.15 (0.05, 0.25) | 0.02 (−0.11, 0.16) | 0.02 (−0.08, 0.12) | 0.66 |
| WC (cm) | 0.06 (0.02, 0.10) | −0.03 (−0.08, 0.02) | 0.02 (−0.02, 0.06) | 0.22 |
| Age (y) | 0.01 (−0.02, 0.05) | −0.02 (−0.06, 0.03) | 0.01 (−0.03, 0.04) | 0.49 |
| Male sex | 0.01 (−0.92, 0.94) | −0.22 (−1.23, 0.83) | 0.28 (−0.54, 1.10) | 0.43 |
| Urinary F2-isoprostanes (ng/mg creatinine) | ||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 0.10 (−0.33, 0.53) | 0.50 (−0.29, 1.28) | −0.20 (−0.59, 0.18) | 0.08 |
| WC (cm) | 0.19 (0.02, 0.36) | 0.32 (0.02, 0.63) | −0.16 (−0.32, −0.01) | 0.004 |
| Age (y) | 0.10 (−0.06, 0.26) | −0.07 (−0.36, 0.22) | −0.06 (−0.21, 0.10) | 0.91 |
| Male sex | 2.16 (−1.64, 5.95) | 5.78 (−0.74, 12.3) | −2.68 (−6.11, 0.75) | 0.015 |
n = 69. CVD, cardiovascular disease; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; sVCAM-1, soluble vascular cellular adhesion molecule 1; WC, waist circumference.
β Coefficients derived from linear regression models assessing the predictive nature between risk factors and biomarkers in the entire cohort at baseline, adjusting for baseline values.
β Coefficients derived from linear regression models assessing the predictive nature between groups postintervention, adjusting for baseline values.
P-interaction from a likelihood ratio test including the interaction between the intervention arm and the predictor variable on outcome variables postintervention.