Table 1.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Study Sample
| Sociodemographic Characteristics | SZP (n = 64) | BDP (n = 40) | SZR (n = 31) | BDR (n = 26) | HC (n = 53) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (y); mean (SD)a | 40.58 (10.73) | 36.18 (10.37) | 41.97 (10.84) | 32.19 (14.98) | 36.84 (11.35) |
| Gender/male; nb | 36 | 15 | 13 | 12 | 18 |
| Ethnicity, Hispanic; n | 4 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 5 |
| Race/ Black; nc | 20 | 3 | 8 | 1 | 12 |
| Education (y); mean (SD) | 13.66 (2.55) | 13.95 (2.61) | 14.93 (2.4) | 13.62 (3.02) | 13.7 (1.83) |
| WTAR IQ; Mean (SD) | 99.18 (13.57) | 102.24 (9.99) | 100.38 (12.59) | 101.50 (12.57) | 105.19 (8.91) |
| BPRS total scores; mean (SD)d | 48.29 (12.21) | 41.89 (10.61) | 31.36 (8.94) | 28.38(5.93) | n/a |
| BPRS psychosis scores; mean (SD) | 13.7 (5.98) | 8.71 (3.7) | 5.29 (2.07) | 5.35 (1.49) | n/a |
| BPRS affective scores; mean (SD) | 7.87 (2.55) | 9.47 (2.89) | 5.82 (1.89) | 5.54 (1.75) | — |
| Psychiatric diagnoses in relativese | n/a | n/a | 7 (22.58) | 6 (23.08) | — |
| No DSM-IV Axis I/II diagnoses; n (%) | — | — | — | 1 (3.85) | — |
| Substance-induced psychosis; n (%) | — | — | — | 1 (3.85) | — |
| Psychosis NOS; n (%) | — | — | 5 (15.13) | 1 (3.85) | — |
| Psychotic MDD; n (%) | — | — | 1 (3.23) | 1 (3.85) | — |
| Nonpsychotic bipolar disorder; n (%) | — | — | 8 (25.81) | 8 (30.8) | — |
| Nonpsychotic MDD; n (%) | — | — | 6 (19.35) | 3 (11.54) | — |
| Anxiety Disorders; n (%) | — | — | 9 (29.03) | 13 (50.0) | — |
| Substance abuse/dependence; n (%) | — | — | 6 (19.35) | 3 (11.54) | — |
| Cluster A personality disorder; n (%) | — | — | — | 2 (7.69) | — |
| Cluster B personality disorder; n (%) | — | — | 4 (12.90) | 5 (19.23) | — |
| Cluster C personality disorder; n (%) | — | — | 14 (45.16) | 13 (50.0) | — |
| Comorbid Axis I/II diagnoses; n (%) | — | — | — | — | — |
| Concomitant medications | |||||
| Off medications; n (%) | 1 (1.56) | 2 (5.00) | 19 (61.29) | 19 (73.08) | — |
| Typical antipsychotics; n (%) | 11 (17.19) | 1 (2.5) | 0 | 0 | — |
| Atypical antipsychotics; n (%) | 35 (54.69) | 20 (50.00) | 2 (6.45) | 2 (7.69) | — |
| Antidepressants; n (%) | 24 (37.5) | 17 (42.5) | 9 (29.03) | 4 (15.38) | — |
| Lithium; n (%) | — | 15 (37.5) | — | — | — |
| Other mood stabilizers; n (%) | 7 (10.94) | 22 (55.0) | 3 (9.68) | 1 (3.85) | — |
| Anxiolytics/hypnotics; n (%) | 13 (20.31) | 15 (37.5) | 5 (16.13) | 4 (15.38) | — |
| Combined medications; n (%) | 34 (53.13) | 29 (72.5) | 5 (16.13) | 2 (7.69) | — |
Note: SZP, probands with schizophrenia; BDP, probands with psychotic bipolar I disorder; SZR, relatives of SZP; BDR, relatives of BDP; WTAR IQ, Wechsler Test of Adult Reading general intelligence estimate; BPRS, the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale; NOS, not otherwise specified; MDD, major depressive disorder; n/a, not available/not collected.
aAge: F (4, 199) = 4.131, P = .007; SZP vs BDR, P = .02.
bGender: SZP vs HC, χ2(1, N = 117) = 4.93, P = .026.
cRace: SZP vs BDP, χ2(1, N = 100) = 7.10, P = .008; SZP vs BDR, χ2(1, N = 87) = 6.83, P = .009; SZR vs BDR, χ2(1, N = 55) = 4.04, P = .044.
dBPRS scores: total score [F(3, 134) = 28.55, P < .001; SZP vs BDP, P = .022; SZP vs SZR, P < .001; SZP vs BDR, P < .001; BDP vs SZR, P < .001; BDP vs BDR, P < .001]; psychosis subscale score [F(3, 135) = 34.38, P < .001; SZP vs BDP, P < .001; SZP vs SZR, P < .001; SZP vs BDR, P < .001; BDP vs SZR, P = .005; BDP vs BDR, P = .008]; affective subscale score [F(3, 135) = 19.19, P < .001; SZP vs BDP, P = .01; SZP vs SZR, P = .002; SZP vs BDR, P < .001; BDP vs SZR, P < .001; BDP vs BDR, P < .001].
eEach Axis I–II diagnosis in relatives is reported separately. The number of relatives who had more than one Axis I/II diagnosis is indicated under “Comorbid Axis I/II diagnoses; n(%).”