Table 1.
Maternal and family characteristics, income and adverse perinatal outcomes of 117734 singleton births in Nova Scotia, Canada, 1988-2003
| Frequency 1 (%) | ||
|---|---|---|
|
Maternal characteristics |
|
|
| Residence in a rural postal code |
|
|
| |
Yes |
51193 (43.48) |
| |
No |
66541 (56.52) |
| Birth year |
|
|
| |
1988-1990 |
29045 (24.67) |
| |
1991-1993 |
23787 (20.2) |
| |
1994-1996 |
25395 (21.57) |
| |
1997-1999 |
18473 (15.69) |
| |
2000-2003 |
21034 (17.87) |
| Parity |
|
|
| |
0 |
51002 (43.32) |
| |
1 |
42775 (36.33) |
| |
2 |
16813 (14.28) |
| |
≥3 |
7144 (6.07) |
| Parental composition of family |
|
|
| |
Female-headed lone-parent family2 |
24642 (20.93) |
| |
Two-parent family |
93092 (79.07) |
| Pre-pregnancy weight (kg) |
|
|
| |
<55 |
25246 (23.99) |
| |
55 - <75 |
58119 (55.22) |
| |
75 - <90 |
14099 (13.40) |
| |
≥90 |
7778 (7.39) |
| Weight gained during pregnancy (kg) |
|
|
| |
0 - ≤10.4 |
20497 (21.3) |
| |
10.4 - ≤17.7 |
50348 (52.25) |
| |
17.7 - ≤30 |
24444 (25.37) |
| |
>30 |
1080 (1.12) |
| Age (years) |
|
|
| |
<20 |
8963 (7.61) |
| |
20 - <25 |
26757 (22.73) |
| |
25 - <30 |
40027 (34) |
| |
30 - <35 |
30263 (25.7) |
| |
35 - <40 |
10305 (8.75) |
| |
≥40 |
1419 (1.21) |
| Smoking status (# of cigarettes per day at time of admission) |
|
|
| |
Non-smoker |
79664 (73.07) |
| |
1 - <10 |
8704 (8.0) |
| |
10- 75 |
23029 (21.12) |
| |
Known smoker, amount unknown |
1651 (1.51) |
| Gestational diabetes |
|
|
| |
Yes |
3156 (2.68) |
| |
No |
114578 (97.32) |
| Prenatal class attendance |
|
|
| |
Yes |
40376 (39.69) |
| |
No |
61361 (60.31) |
|
Family income |
|
|
| Total family income (after tax)3 |
|
|
| |
<$5,990.92 |
11773 (10.00) |
| |
≥$5,990.92 < $9,119.4 |
11773 (10.00) |
| |
≥$9,119.4 < $14,997.34 |
23547 (20.00) |
| |
≥$14,997.34 < $20,759.95 |
23548 (20.00) |
| |
≥$20,759.95 < $28,266.83 |
23546 (20.00) |
| |
≥28,266.83 |
23547 (20.00) |
| Total family income (before tax)3 |
|
|
| |
<$6,389 |
12125 (10.3) |
| |
≥$6,389 - < $9,418 |
12203 (10.36) |
| |
≥$9,418 - < $17,184 |
24176 (20.53) |
| |
≥$17,184 - < $25,361 |
24031 (20.41) |
| |
≥$25,361 - < $35,983 |
23313 (19.8) |
| |
≥$35,983 |
21886 (18.59) |
| Total family income (after tax) below the low income measure4 |
10973 (9.32) |
|
| No income from investments |
86310 (73.31) |
|
| No contribution to Registered Retirement Savings Plan |
82735 (70.27) |
|
|
Adverse perinatal outcomes |
|
|
| Small-for-gestational-age live birth (<3rd percentile) |
3934 (3.41) |
|
| Large-for-gestational-age live birth (>90th percentile) |
15157 (13.13) |
|
| Iatrogenic pre-term birth (before 37 weeks)5 |
2316 (2.07) |
|
| Spontaneous pre-term birth (before 37 weeks) |
4152 (3.66) |
|
| Post-neonatal death |
197 (0.17) |
|
| Perinatal death | 909 (0.77) | |
1Subject number varied due to missing values.
2Mother is not married or in a common-law relationship.
3Income adjusted for family size and inflation, expressed in 2003 Canadian dollars
4The Low Income Measure is fixed at 50% of median family income (after tax) adjusted for family size.
5Delivery was induced or by cesarean delivery before the onset of labour.