Table 2.
Relationship of total family income (after tax) and neighbourhood deprivation with adverse perinatal outcomes among 117734 singleton births in Nova Scotia, Canada, 1988-2003
| Perinatal outcomes | Socioeconomic domains | Crude OR (95% CI) 1 | Adjusted OR (95% CI) 1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Small-for-gestational-age live birth |
Total family income (Percentile) |
|
|
|
| |
<10th (Lowest) |
2.11 (1.87 - 2.37) |
2.00 (1.78 - 2.26) |
|
| |
10th-19th |
2.02 (1.79 - 2.28) |
1.91 (1.69 - 2.17) |
|
| |
20th-39th |
1.67 (1.50 - 1.86) |
1.59 (1.42 – 1.77) |
|
| |
40th-59th |
1.29 (1.5 - 1.44) |
1.25 (1.11 - 1.39) |
|
| |
60th-79th |
1.02 (0.91 - 1.15) |
1.0 (0.89 - 1.12) |
|
| |
≥80th (Highest) |
1.002 |
1.002 |
|
| Neighbourhood deprivation index3 (Percentile) | ||||
| |
|
≥75th (Lowest) |
- |
1.18 (1.07-1.30) |
| |
|
50th-74th |
- |
1.23 (1.11-1.35) |
| |
|
25th-49th |
- |
1.11 (1.01-1.23) |
| |
|
<25th (Highest) |
- |
1.002 |
| Large-for-gestational-age live birth |
Total family income (Percentile) |
|
|
|
| |
<10th (Lowest) |
0.72 (0.67 - 0.77) |
0.72 (0.67 - 0.78) |
|
| |
10th-19th |
0.73 (0.68 - 0.78) |
0.74 (0.69 - 0.79) |
|
| |
20th-39th |
0.86 (0.82 - 0.91) |
0.86 (0.82 - 0.91) |
|
| |
40th-59th |
0.99 (0.94 - 1.05) |
1.0 (0.95 - 1.06) |
|
| |
60th-79th |
1.03 (0.98 - 1.09) |
1.04 (0.98 - 1.06) |
|
| |
≥80th (Highest) |
1.002 |
1.002 |
|
| Neighbourhood deprivation index3 (Percentile) | ||||
| |
≥75th (Lowest) |
- |
0.97 (0.92-1.02) |
|
| |
|
50th-74th |
- |
0.92 (0.87-0.96) |
| |
|
25th-49th |
- |
0.91 (0.87-0.95) |
| |
|
<25th (Highest) |
- |
1.002 |
| Iatrogenic preterm birth |
Total family income (Percentile) |
|
|
|
| |
<10th (Lowest) |
0.95 (0.81 - 1.11) |
0.91 (0.78 - 1.07) |
|
| |
10th-19th |
0.91 (0.78 - 1.06) |
0.87 (0.74 – 1.02) |
|
| |
20th-39th |
0.90 (0.79 – 1.03) |
0.87 (0.76 – 1.00) |
|
| |
40th-59th |
0.82 (0.72 - 0.93) |
0.80 (0.70 - 0.91) |
|
| |
60th-79th |
0.94 (0.82 – 1.06) |
0.92 (0.81 – 1.05) |
|
| |
≥80th (Highest) |
1.002 |
1.002 |
|
| Neighbourhood deprivation index3 (Percentile) | ||||
| |
≥75th (Lowest) |
- |
1.15 (1.02-1.31) |
|
| |
50th-74th |
- |
1.10 (0.97-1.24) |
|
| |
25th-49th |
- |
1.05 (0.93-1.19) |
|
| |
<25th (Highest) |
- |
1.002 |
|
| Spontaneous preterm birth |
Total family income (Percentile) |
|
|
|
| |
<10th (Lowest) |
1.15 (1.02 - 1.29) |
1.09 (0.97 - 1.23) |
|
| |
10th-19th |
1.17 (1.05 - 1.32) |
1.11 (0.99 - 1.25) |
|
| |
20th-39th |
0.97 (0.88 - 1.07) |
0.93 (0.84 - 1.03) |
|
| |
40th-59th |
0.9 (0.82 – 1.0) |
0.88 (0.79 - 0.97) |
|
| |
60th-79th |
1.0 (0.9 - 1.1) |
0.98 (0.89 - 1.08) |
|
| |
≥80th (Highest) |
1.002 |
1.002 |
|
| Neighbourhood deprivation index3 (Percentile) | ||||
| |
≥75th (Lowest) |
- |
1.16 (1.06-1.27) |
|
| |
50th-74th |
- |
1.16 (1.06-1.28) |
|
| |
25th-49th |
- |
1.01 (0.92-1.11) |
|
| |
<25th (Highest) |
- |
1.002 |
|
| Perinatal death |
Total family income (Percentile) |
|
|
|
| |
<10th (Lowest) |
0.47 (0.36 - 0.62) |
0.42 (0.31 - 0.55) |
|
| |
10th-19th |
0.52 (0.40 - 0.69) |
0.46 (0.35 - 0.61) |
|
| |
20th-39th |
0.76 (0.63 - 0.92) |
0.69 (0.56 - 0.83) |
|
| |
40th-59th |
0.56 (0.46 - 0.69) |
0.52 (0.42 - 0.64) |
|
| |
60th-79th |
0.66 (0.54 - 0.80) |
0.63 (0.52 - 0.76) |
|
| |
≥80th (Highest) |
1.002 |
1.002 |
|
| Neighbourhood deprivation index3 (Percentile) | ||||
| |
≥75th (Lowest) |
- |
1.52 (1.25-1.85) |
|
| |
50th-74th |
- |
1.32 (1.08-1.60) |
|
| |
25th-49th |
- |
1.10 (0.91-1.34) |
|
| |
<25th (Highest) |
- |
1.002 |
|
| Post-neonatal death |
Total family income (Percentile) |
|
|
|
| |
<10th (Lowest) |
3.89 (2.20 – 6.88) |
3.82 (2.13 - 6.84) |
|
| |
10th-19th |
3.56 (1.98 – 6.41) |
3.51 (1.93 – 6.39) |
|
| |
20th-39th |
2.55 (1.47 – 4.42) |
2.51 (1.44 - 4.40) |
|
| |
40th-59th |
2.06 (1.18 – 3.63) |
2.04 (1.16 - 3.60) |
|
| |
60th-79th |
1.67 (0.93 - 2.99) |
1.66 (0.93 - 2.98) |
|
| |
≥80th (Highest) |
1.002 |
1.002 |
|
| Neighbourhood deprivation index3 (Percentile) | ||||
| |
≥75th (Lowest) |
- |
1.10 (0.72-1.68) |
|
| |
50th-74th |
- |
0.98 (0.63-1.53) |
|
| |
25th-49th |
- |
1.14 (0.74-1.74) |
|
| <25th (Highest) | - | 1.002 | ||
1Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval; models are adjusted for potential confounders, including residence in a rural versus urban postal code and birth year.
2Reference group.
3Neighbourhood deprivation index is comprised of data from the 1991 Census describing enumeration areas by: % 15+ without high school graduation,% lone-parent families,% homes needing major repairs,% 15+ unemployed,% families receiving government transfer payments, and % living below the low income cut-off (LICO).