Table 3.

Summary of participant characteristics, study design and exergaming interventions

Author	Participants	PD diagnosis	Design and aim	System	Games	Intervention	Setting
Assad et al. [[25]]	13 PD (Aged 54-86 years) 9 males and 5 females	Mean duration of PD = 9 yr	Participatory design	Sony Playstation Eye™	5 Upper body movement games.	1 session Duration NS	Clinic
			Assess PD subjects’ perception of playing an exergame developed for PD.
Zettergren et al. [[22]]	1 male (69 years old)	PD duration <3 yr	Single subject case study	Nintendo Wii™	Penguin slide, Table tilt, Balance bubble, Free step, Island cycling, Obstacle course and Rhythm parade.	2 sessions/week 8 weeks 40-60 minutes per session	Clinic
			Evaluate the effects of multiple Nintendo Wii Fit activities on gait, balance and mobility.
Pompeu et al. [[21]]	32 PD (Aged 60-85 years)	HY I & II	Single-blind randomized controlled trial (RCT)	Nintendo Wii™	Balance games: (Table tilt, Tilt city, Penguin slide, Soccer heading) Static balance (Torso twist and Single leg extension).	2 sessions/week 7 weeks 60 minutes per session	Clinic
					Stationary gait: (Rhythm parade, Obstacle Course, Basic Step and Basic Run)
			Test if PD patients improve their performance on the Wii & compare the effects of Wii exercise on motor and cognitive training with balance therapy.
Mendes et al. [[20]]	16 PD (No mean age data) 11 Healthy elderly	HY I = 2; HY II = 14	Longitudinal controlled trial	Nintendo Wii™	Table tilt, Tilt city, Penguin slide, Soccer heading, Obstacle course, Rhythm parade, Basic run plus, Basic step, Single leg extensions games.	2 sessions/week 7 weeks 60 minutes per session	Clinic
			To evaluate the learning, retention and transfer of performance after using the Wii.
Esculier et al. [[19]]	10 PD (61.9 ± 11.0)	Mean duration of PD = 8.5 (3.6) years	Longitudinal controlled trial	Nintendo Wii™	Wii sports: Table tilt, Ski slalom, Balance bubble, Ski jump and Penguin slide.	3 × 6 weeks 40 minutes each session	Home
	8 Healthy elderly (63.5 ± 12.0)		To evaluate whether PD subjects balance and functional activities improved using the Wii Compare the effects against a healthy elderly sample.
Mhatre et al. [[23]]	10 PD (Aged 44-91 years) 6 female and 4 males	Mean Duration of PD = 6.7 years	Prospective interventional cohort study	Nintendo Wii™	Balance board games: Marble game, Skiing, and bubble game.	3 sessions/week 8 weeks 30 minutes each session	Clinic
			Assess the effectiveness of using the Wii Fit on people with PD for gait and balance training.
Hertz et al. [[24]]	20 PD (66.7 ± 7.2) 13 male and 7 female	Mean Duration of PD = 5.5 (4.3) years	Pre-post design trial	Nintendo Wii™	Tennis, boxing and bowling	3 sessions/week 4 weeks 60 minutes each session	Clinic
			Assess the effectiveness of Wi on both motor and non–motor symptoms of PD.

HY = Hoehn and Yahr stage.