Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of study subjects.
| Age (years) | 64.7 ± 11.5 |
| Sex (male/female) | 115/18 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.6 ± 4.5 |
| Disease duration (years) | 18.3 ± 10.5 |
| Hypertension (%) | 85.0 |
| Dyslipidemia (%) | 76.7 |
| Smoking (%) | 27.1 |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 9.6 ± 3.1 |
| HbA1c (%) | 8.1 ± 1.6 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.8 ± 0.8 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.3 ± 0.4 |
| Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 1.7 ± 1.0 |
| Plasma creatinine (mmol/L) | 183 ± 206 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 50.4 ± 29.1 |
| 25(OH)D (ng/mL) | 71.2 ± 22.3 |
| VDBP (mg/dL) | 31.7 ± 39.1 |
| hs-CRP (mg/dL) | 0.19 ± 0.61 |
| WBC (mm3) | 7091 ± 2058 |
| Retinopathy (none/simple/proliferative) |
51/53/29 |
| Nephropathy (none/microalbuminuria/macroalbuminuria/CRF/dialysis) |
23/40/31/31/8 |
| History of cardiovascular disease (%) | 32.3 |
Continuous variables are expressed as mean ± SD. FPG: fasting plasma glucose, eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate, 25(OH)D: 25-hydroxyvitamin D, VDBP: vitamin D binding protein, hs-CRP: high sensitive C-reactive protein, WBC: white blood cell count, and CRF: chronic renal failure.