Table 3.

Scores on outcomes of average person who participated in interactive, skill-building programs vs. non-interactive programs

Meta-analysis	Interactive, Skill-Building Programs Outcome Cohen’s U3	Non-interactive Programs Outcome Cohen’s U3
Fisak et al., (2011)1. Prevention of anxiety programs	FRIENDS program	Other programs
	Anxiety	Anxiety
	Cohen’s U3= .60	Cohen’s U3 = .55
Beelman & Losel (2006)2 Prevention of antisocial behaviors programs	Cognitive-behavioral	Behavioral only
	Antisocial behavior	Antisocial behavior
	Cohen’s U3 = .69 at post-test,	Cohen’s U3= .56 at post-test,
	Cohen’s U3 = .69 at follow-up	Cohen’s U3 = .55 at follow-up
		Cognitive only
		Cohen’s U3 = .56 at post-test
		Cohen’s U3 = .48 at follow-up
		Other approaches
		Cohen’s U3 = .65 at post-test,
		Cohen’s U3 = .56 at follow-up
Prevention of substance use programs (Tobler et al. 2000)3	All interactive programs	All non-interactive programs
	Substance use	Substance use
	Cohen’s U3 = .55	Cohen’s U3 = .52
School-based SEL programs (Durlak et al., 2011)4	Used SAFE7 practices	Did not use SAFE practices
	Emotional distress	Emotional distress
	Cohen’s U3 = .61	Cohen’s U3 = .57
	Conduct problems	Conduct problems
	Cohen’s U3 = .59	Cohen’s U3 = .56
After-school programs (Durlak et al., 2010)5	Used SAFE practices	Did not use SAFE practices
	Conduct problems	Conduct problems
	Cohen’s U3 = .62	Cohen’s U3 = .53
	Substance use	Substance use
	Cohen’s U3 = .56	Cohen’s U3 = .51
Parenting programs (Kaminski, et al. 2008)6	Focused on positive interactions with child(ren)	Did not focus on positive interactions with child(ren)
	Externalizing behavior	Externalizing behavior
	Cohen’s U3 = .64	Cohen’s U3 = .57
	Included practice with own child(ren)	Did not include practice with own child(ren)
	Externalizing behavior	Externalizing behavior
	Cohen’s U3 = .75	Cohen’s U3 = .55
	Focused on time out	Did not focus on time out
	Externalizing behavior	Externalizing behavior
	Cohen’s U3 = .71	Cohen’s U3 = .56

Note. Cohen’s U₃ were derived from effect sizes that were presented in the following tables of these meta-analyses

¹Table 2;

²Table 3;

³Table 9;

⁴Table 3;

⁵Table 3;

⁶Table 7.

⁷SAFE practices are defined by Durlak et al. (2010) as programs that used pedagogical approaches that are sequenced, active, focused and explicit.