A) The relative contraction rate (normalized to 20% ALI condition for each bulk animal harvest) of organoids that demonstrated contractile behavior within submerged and air-liquid interface culture conditions under 1%, 10%, and 20% ambient oxygen for two weeks. When analyzed with respect to predicted equilibrium oxygen concentration, B) contraction rate was found to have a plateau dependency, demonstrating a steep increase with increasing oxygen availability at low oxygen concentrations and a plateau above roughly 3% oxygen. ** denotes statistical significance, p<0.01. Fit shown is that of concentration-based saturation (contraction rate= (X*[O2])/(Y+[O2]), where X and Y are constants). C) The number of contracting regions per 24-well is shown for submerged and air-liquid interface cultures under 1%, 10%, and 20% ambient oxygen for two weeks. Values shown are mean ± standard error of the mean. * denotes statistical significance, p<0.05. A minimum of 60 organoids were analyzed per condition.