Table 2.

Effects of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) inhibitors on glomerulonephritis.

Clinical disease	Model	Treatment	Results	Reference
Lupus nephritis	B6.Sle1 B6.Sle1.Sle3	PCI-32765	As prophylactic treatment Decreased renal damage and lymphocyte infiltration Reduced levels of antinucleosome, antihistone, and ssDNA autoantibodies	[27]
	NZB/W	RN486	In full-blown disease Improved proteinuria Reduced glomerulosclerosis and immune-complex deposition Inhibited B-cell activation and anti-dsDNA autoantibody secretion Downregulated expressions of inflammatory cytokines	[28]
	NZB/W	PF-06250112	In full-blown disease Prevented the development of proteinuria Reduced glomerular injury and inflammatory infiltrates Significantly reduced both IgG and C3 depositions	[29]
Antiglomerular basement membrane nephritis	NTN	PF-06250112	As prophylactic treatment Dose-dependently decreased proteinuria levels Did not affect either IgG or C3 deposition	[29]