TABLE 1.
Characteristics at baseline of participants in the Health ABC with thigh adipose tissue measures (n = 3011) according to final mobility-limitation classification1
| No mobility limitation | Mobility limitation | P | |
| Women [n (%)] | 381 (45.9) | 1171 (53.7) | <0.001 |
| Age (y) | 73.8 ± 2.852 | 74.3 ± 2.87 | <0.001 |
| Black race [n (%)] | 290 (34.9) | 959 (44.0) | <0.001 |
| Pittsburgh site [n (%)] | 443 (53.3) | 1056 (48.4) | <0.001 |
| Less than high school graduate [n (%)] | 154 (18.6) | 599 (27.5) | <0.001 |
| High school graduate [n (%)] | 257 (31.1) | 727 (33.4) | — |
| Postsecondary [n (%)] | 416 (50.3) | 850 (39.1) | — |
| Never smoker [n (%)] | 397 (48.0) | 929 (42.7) | 0.01 |
| Current smoker [n (%)] | 70 (8.45) | 239 (11.0) | — |
| Former smoker [n (%)] | 361 (43.6) | 1010 (46.4) | — |
| Cancer [n (%)] | 122 (14.8) | 399 (18.4) | 0.02 |
| Diabetes [n (%)] | 78 (9.39) | 376 (17.3) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension [n (%)] | 286 (34.4) | 877 (40.2) | 0.003 |
| Coronary heart disease [n (%)] | 118 (14.4) | 429 (20.1) | 0.001 |
| Physical activity (kcal ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ wk−1) | 1394 ± 2205 | 919.4 ± 1760 | <0.001 |
| Midlife weight (kg) | 70.0 ± 12.9 | 72.4 ± 14.0 | <0.001 |
| Weight (kg) | 72.7 ± 13.6 | 76.8 ± 15.1 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.0 ± 3.89 | 27.9 ± 4.93 | <0.001 |
| <20.0 kg/m2 [n (%)] | 39 (4.69) | 81 (3.72) | <0.001 |
| 20.0 to <25.0 kg/m2 [n (%)] | 307 (36.9) | 544 (25.0) | — |
| 25.0–29.9 kg/m2 [n (%)] | 366 (44.0) | 916 (42.0) | — |
| ≥30.0 kg/m2 [n (%)] | 119 (14.3) | 639 (29.3) | — |
| VAT area (cm2) | 131 ± 60.9 | 148 ± 68.8 | <0.001 |
| Abdominal SAT area (cm2) | 255 ± 103 | 296 ± 125 | <0.001 |
| Thigh SAT area (cm2) | 134 ± 71.0 | 165 ± 98.6 | <0.001 |
| Thigh IMAT area (cm2) | 17.0 ± 9.75 | 22.0 ± 13.6 | <0.001 |
| VAT density (HU) | −85.7 ± 10.2 | −87.2 ± 9.67 | <0.001 |
| Abdominal SAT density (HU) | −96.3 ± 9.48 | −97.1 ± 8.95 | 0.04 |
| Thigh SAT density (HU) | −105 ± 11.6 | −106 ± 11.2 | 0.003 |
| Thigh IMAT density (HU) | −71.8 ± 11.0 | −74.3 ± 10.3 | <0.001 |
1
Differences between groups were tested by using 2-sided t tests for continuous variables or chi-square tests for categorical variables. Coronary heart disease was determined as any of the following: coronary bypass, angioplasty, myocardial infarction, or angina. Health ABC, Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study; HU, Hounsfield units; IMAT, intermuscular adipose tissue; SAT, subcutaneous adipose tissue; VAT, visceral adipose tissue.
2
Mean ± SD (all such values).