Figure 3.

Fer-1 does not inhibit all forms of ROS production or ROS-induced death. (a) Mitochondrial ROS production in response to rotenone (Rot, 250 nM, 3 h) ± Fer-1 (1 μM) was detected using MitoSOX. (b) Cardiolipin peroxidation in response to staurosporine (STS,100 nM, 3 h) detected using 10-nonyl acridine orange (NAO). Data in (a) and (b) were analyzed by one-way ANOVA ***P < 0.001, ns = not significant; (c) Lysosomal membrane permeabilization detected in response to H₂O₂ using acridine orange (AO) relocalization. An iron chelator, ciclopirox olamine (CPX), protects from lysosomal rupture.