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. 2013 Mar 6;62(1):1–112. doi: 10.1080/00018732.2013.771509

Figure. 29.

Figure. 29.

Illustration of the “standard model” of crawling cell migration on flat substrates [6,370]. It commonly is reduced to three processes taking place in parallel: (1) A comparatively thin actin gel protrusion extends the leading edge and adheres to the substrate. (2) The rear end actively retracts and detaches from the substrate. (3) The cell body is pulled forward.