Figure. 52.

A given system comprised of several levels of complexity can only be reduced further, i.e. split into smaller subsystems if no loss of lower level details occurs. (a) For strictly hierarchical order, further reduction is possible without apparent loss of causal understanding. If interactions bridge one or more levels, the reduction becomes difficult but remains possible (b) as long as no inherent multi-level feedbacks occur (c). The bridging interactions in (b) must be included in form of suitable modifications of the bridged level. Here, filaments* is a modified form of filaments that, for instance, considers “sticky” filaments to account for molecular cross-linkers.