TABLE 1.

Liver tumor outcomes, body and liver weights, hepatic steatosis, and inflammation in C57BL/6J male mice that were or were not treated with DEN to initiate liver cancer, fed either an HFD or HCD for 24 wk¹

	Study group
	HFD − DEN	HCD − DEN	HFD + DEN	HCD + DEN
Mice, n	7	8	27	26
Mortality, n	1	0	3	1
Liver tumor outcomes
Incidence, %	0	0	100	100
Multiplicity, n	0	0	14.6 ± 1.9	10.9 ± 1.2
Volume, mm3	0	0	306 ± 113	338 ± 154
Final body weights, g	52.9 ± 1.4	44.3 ± 1.4*	50.9 ± 0.6	41.2 ± 0.6*
Liver weights, g	2.6 ± 0.1	2.5 ± 0.1	2.4 ± 0.1	2.5 ± 0.2
Liver/body weight, %	4.9 ± 0.1	5.8 ± 0.2*	4.2 ± 0.2	6.2 ± 0.5*
Hepatic steatosis score2	2 (1–2)	3 (2–4)*	2 (1–3)	2 (0–3)*
Liver inflammatory foci, n/cm2	0.0 ± 0.0	0.6 ± 0.4	1.7 ± 0.5	1.4 ± 0.3

¹Values are means ± SEMs or medians (ranges) unless otherwise noted. *Different from the corresponding HFD, P < 0.05. DEN, diethylnitrosamine; HCD, diet high in refined carbohydrates; HFD, high-fat diet.

²The means for the hepatic steatosis were 1.83 and 2.15 for HFD + DEN and HCD + DEN, respectively. Wilcoxon’s signed-rank test was used to examine the difference between steatosis medians.