TABLE 4.

HRs (95% CIs) for associations between HDI and EDI components and all-cause mortality, CVD mortality, CVD events, and CHD events in British Regional Heart Study participants from baseline (1998–2000) to 2010¹

			All-cause mortality		CVD mortality		CVD events		CHD events
	n2	%	Model 1	Model 2	Model 1	Model 2	Model 1	Model 2	Model 1	Model 2
HDI components3
Did not meet guideline (score = 0)			1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Met guideline (score = 1)
SFAs	790	25.2	1.05 (0.90, 1.23)	1.14 (0.96, 1.36)	1.10 (0.83, 1.44)	1.28 (0.94, 1.72)	1.06 (0.87, 1.30)	1.15 (0.92, 1.43)	1.09 (0.84, 1.43)	1.14 (0.85, 1.53)
PUFAs	458	14.6	1.14 (0.95, 1.37)	1.15 (0.95, 1.39)	1.29 (0.95, 1.73)	1.30 (0.95, 1.78)	1.13 (0.90, 1.43)	1.09 (0.86, 1.39)	1.28 (0.95, 1.74)	1.27 (0.93, 1.75)
Protein	1298	41.4	1.19 (1.04, 1.36)*	1.11 (0.95, 1.29)	1.18 (0.93, 1.48)	1.06 (0.82, 1.37)	1.17 (0.99, 1.39)	1.07 (0.89, 1.30)	1.28 (1.01, 1.61)*	1.15 (0.89, 1.48)
Carbohydrates	2024	64.6	0.94 (0.82, 1.08)	0.93 (0.79, 1.09)	0.98 (0.77, 1.25)	0.90 (0.69, 1.19)	1.12 (0.93, 1.34)	1.01 (0.83, 1.24)	1.23 (0.96, 1.58)	1.05 (0.79, 1.38)
Sugar	39	1.2	1.25 (0.69, 2.27)	1.10 (0.58, 2.06)	0.73 (0.18, 2.92)	0.79 (0.20, 3.22)	0.51 (0.16, 1.59)	0.56 (0.18, 1.77)	0.64 (0.16, 2.58)	0.73 (0.18, 2.95)
Fiber	1920	61.3	1.00 (0.87, 1.14)	1.04 (0.90, 1.20)	0.92 (0.73, 1.16)	1.02 (0.80, 1.31)	0.95 (0.80, 1.13)	1.06 (0.88, 1.27)	1.20 (0.94, 1.53)	1.32 (1.02, 1.70)
Cholesterol	2017	64.4	0.91 (0.79, 1.04)	0.88 (0.74, 1.04)	0.73 (0.58, 0.92)*	0.67 (0.50, 0.90)*	0.90 (0.76, 1.08)	0.90 (0.72, 1.12)	0.87 (0.68, 1.10)	0.78 (0.58, 1.05)
Fruit and vegetables	568	18.1	0.80 (0.67, 0.97)*	0.92 (0.75, 1.11)	0.83 (0.61, 1.14)	0.92 (0.66, 1.28)	0.91 (0.73, 1.13)	1.01 (0.80, 1.28)	0.90 (0.66, 1.22)	1.01 (0.74, 1.39)
EDI components4
Lowest compliance with guideline (score = 1)			1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Highest compliance with guideline (score = 4)
Meat	159	4.9	0.90 (0.65, 1.23)	1.11 (0.79, 1.55)	0.64 (0.34, 1.21)	0.92 (0.49, 1.75)	0.63 (0.40, 1.01)	0.75 (0.46, 1.22)	0.59 (0.30, 1.14)	0.73 (0.38, 1.44)
Fish/seafood	1832	56.0	0.76 (0.53, 1.09)	0.91 (0.62, 1.34)	0.53 (0.31, 0.91)*	0.66 (0.36, 1.21)	0.75 (0.48, 1.16)	0.85 (0.52, 1.37)	0.54 (0.32, 0.94)*	0.67 (0.37, 1.21)
Legumes	1653	50.6	0.85 (0.69, 1.03)	0.91 (0.74, 1.13)	0.81 (0.58, 1.13)	0.83 (0.58, 1.19)	0.92 (0.71, 1.21)	0.94 (0.71, 1.24)	0.83 (0.59, 1.18)	0.89 (0.61, 1.30)
Fruit	1298	39.7	0.61 (0.48, 0.76)*	0.86 (0.66,1.11)	0.67 (0.45, 1.02)	0.95 (0.59, 1.53)	0.75 (0.55, 1.01)	0.90 (0.64, 1.28)	0.68 (0.45, 1.03)	0.86 (0.54, 1.35)
Vegetables	930	28.5	0.67 (0.47, 0.96)*	1.05 (0.70, 1.58)	0.63 (0.36, 1.12)	0.88 (0.47, 1.65)	0.84 (0.52, 1.35)	1.17 (0.69, 2.01)	0.89 (0.46, 1.72)	1.29 (0.65, 2.56)
Cereals	2151	65.8	0.86 (0.67, 1.10)	1.15 (0.87, 1.52)	1.10 (0.70, 1.72)	1.37 (0.83, 2.25)	1.08 (0.77, 1.51)	1.13 (0.79, 1.62)	0.99 (0.64, 1.53)	1.19 (0.73, 1.93)
Bread	934	28.6	0.67 (0.27, 1.62)	0.77 (0.32, 1.90)	0.55 (0.14, 2.24)	0.57 (0.14, 2.40)	0.57 (0.21, 1.54)	0.60 (0.22, 1.65)	0.62 (0.15, 2.52)	0.76 (0.18, 3.15)
Olive oil	302	9.2	0.59 (0.45, 0.77)*	0.68 (0.51, 0.91)*	0.42 (0.24, 0.72)*	0.43 (0.24, 0.80)*	0.54 (0.37, 0.77)*	0.58 (0.40, 0.86)*	0.47 (0.28, 0.79)*	0.55 (0.32, 0.95)*
Dairy	424	13.0	1.07 (0.86, 1.32)	1.14 (0.90, 1.44)	1.00 (0.70, 1.45)	1.09 (0.73, 1.62)	1.04 (0.78, 1.37)	1.12 (0.83, 1.52)	0.95 (0.65, 1.39)	0.90 (0.59, 1.36)

¹Model 1 adjusted for age; model 2 adjusted as in model 1 plus energy intake, smoking, alcohol, physical activity, social class, BMI, and a modified version of the HDI/EDI score not containing the individual component of interest. *P < 0.05. CHD, coronary heart disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; EDI, Elderly Dietary Index; HDI, Healthy Diet Indicator.

²Number of participants who met the guideline (score = 1) for HDI or those who had the highest compliance with the guideline (score = 4) for EDI.

³HDI components: score 1 vs. score 0 (n = 3133).

⁴EDI components: score 4 vs. score 1 (n = 3269).