Effective dose per mAs or 100 mAs as a function of body dimension for all patients and modalities: (a) chest PA and chest AP, (b) chest left LAT, (c) chest tomosynthesis; and (d) chest CT. For (a) and (c), patient's anteroposterior thickness at the beam center is used for the x-axis; for (b), patient's lateral thickness at the beam center is used for the x-axis; and for (d), average diameter is used for the x-axis. “+” or “×” are the effective dose values calculated from the organ dose of individual patients. Lines are the exponential fit ED (d) = exp (αEDd +βED) with parameters αED and βED tabulated in Table 2. ED = effective dose, PA = posteroanterior, AP = anteroposterior, and LAT = lateral.