Fig. 3.

Characterization of the interaction between A2E and CDs. (A) In scale, representation of A2E and CDs. A2E’s β-ionone bulky head groups are marked with dotted circles. Major and minor interior cavity diameters of α-, β-, and γ-CDs are indicated. (B) Benesi–Hildebrand double inverse plot constructed with fluorescence data of A2E in presence of variable amounts of β-CD monomer (black), dimer (red), and γ-CD (green). (Inset) A zoomed view of the monomer (black) and dimer (red) plots. (C) Molecular modeling of the 2:1 β-CD:A2E complex. (D) β-CD-dimer synthesized to test the bivalent nature of β-CD:A2E interaction.