Table 4.
Applied external forces
| Classification 1 | All muscles | Superficial muscles | No muscles | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Left |
58.22 |
(23.5) |
77.26 |
(16.18) |
97.67 |
(6.07) |
| Right |
78.9 |
(13.11) |
80.06 |
(23.79) |
99.98 |
(0.05) |
| Lumbar |
87.59 |
(12.23) |
86.5 |
(11.83) |
99.27 |
(1.17) |
|
Classification 2 |
All muscles |
Superficial muscles |
No muscles |
|||
| Left |
66.5 |
(18.16) |
81.44 |
(21.18) |
99.63 |
(1.48) |
| Right |
74.43 |
(15.86) |
85.98 |
(13.22) |
98.19 |
(5.57) |
| Lumbar |
85.03 |
(12.9) |
94.87 |
(6.15) |
99.96 |
(0.09) |
|
Classification 3 |
All muscles |
Superficial muscles |
No muscles |
|||
| Left |
61.2 |
(25.85) |
71.32 |
(23.31) |
87.32 |
(15.21) |
| Right |
71.21 |
(17.1) |
81.7 |
(13.61) |
92.61 |
(3.95) |
| Lumbar |
50.1 |
(29.4) |
76.03 |
(23.86) |
99.11 |
(2.01) |
|
Classification 4 |
All muscles |
Superficial muscles |
No muscles |
|||
| Left |
49.52 |
(25.84) |
65.65 |
(23.99) |
81.64 |
(23.23) |
| Right |
65.06 |
(17.19) |
81.4 |
(11.96) |
97 |
(3.94) |
| Lumbar |
47.2 |
(36.63) |
83.03 |
(21.65) |
87.44 |
(23.2) |
|
Classification 5 |
All muscles |
Superficial muscles |
No muscles |
|||
| Left |
68.9 |
(21.64) |
68.8 |
(21.58) |
91.05 |
(18.2) |
| Right |
67.41 |
(16.44) |
81.25 |
(11.74) |
95.07 |
(6) |
| Lumbar | 58.8 | (37.53) | 75.13 | (24.12) | 94.75 | (7.73) |
Average left, right and lumbar forces and their standard deviations applied over all Cobb angles across the five Classifications. Values are presented in N.