Fig 2.

Setup and examination under anesthesia. (A) The patient is placed in the standard beach-chair (modified Fowler) position using a beanbag extending to the medial border of the scapula for support. (B) After surgical preparation and draping, an examination under anesthesia is performed, including range-of-motion and stability testing (e.g., load-and-shift test). (C) A bump is constructed, placed in the axilla after the initial diagnostic arthroscopy, and in conjunction with the pneumatic arm holder, provides distraction at the glenohumeral joint and enhances the arthroscopic working space.