Table 6.
Association between breadth of antibody response and the incidence of malaria in all chemoprophylactic groups up to 24 months of age
| |
|
All groups |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Abs
1
|
Time |
Crude |
Adjusted |
||||||||
| Bth 2 | N 3 | IRR 4 | 95% CI | P value 5 | Bth | N | IRR | 95% CI | P value | ||
| IgG |
5.5-24 months |
0-1 |
152 |
1 |
- |
0.0005 |
0-1 |
152 |
1 |
- |
0.0143 |
| 2 |
47 |
3.50 |
1.79; 6.84 |
2 |
47 |
2.64 |
1.38; 5.06 |
||||
| 3 |
9 |
3.17 |
0.82; 12.28 |
3 |
9 |
1.86 |
0.48; 7.24 |
||||
| 10.5-24 months |
0-1 |
189 |
1 |
- |
0.3412 |
0-1 |
189 |
1 |
- |
0.4438 |
|
| 2 |
3 |
4.42 |
0.39; 49.95 |
2 |
3 |
0.89 |
0.09; 8.41 |
||||
| 3 |
1 |
0.85 |
0.01; 75.19 |
3 |
1 |
11.72 |
0.29; 504.65 |
||||
| 15-24 months |
0-1 |
185 |
1 |
- |
< 0.0001 |
0-1 |
185 |
1 |
- |
0.0297 |
|
| 2 |
19 |
8.56 |
3.68; 19.94 |
2 |
19 |
3.29 |
1.49; 7.29 |
||||
| 3 |
5 |
5.42 |
1.11; 26.52 |
3 |
5 |
2.30 |
0.55; 9.54 |
||||
| 4 |
1 |
13.68 |
0.48; 388.95 |
4 |
1 |
6.14 |
0.52; 71.92 |
||||
| IgM |
5.5-24 months |
0 |
265 |
1 |
- |
0.9316 |
0 |
265 |
1 |
- |
0.1472 |
| 1 |
23 |
1.04 |
1.04; 2.63 |
1 |
23 |
0.50 |
0.20; 1.26 |
||||
| 10.5-24 months |
0 |
246 |
1 |
- |
0.2402 |
0 |
246 |
1 |
- |
0.6655 |
|
| 1 |
16 |
0.40 |
0.12; 1.35 |
1 |
16 |
1.22 |
0.41; 3.62 |
||||
| 2 |
4 |
2.36 |
0.30; 18.24 |
2 |
4 |
1.91 |
0.40; 9.11 |
||||
| 15-24 months |
0 |
246 |
1 |
- |
0.8912 |
0 |
246 |
1 |
- |
0.7638 |
|
| 1 |
14 |
1.00 |
0.28; 3.58 |
1 |
14 |
0.58 |
0.16; 2.09 |
||||
| 2 |
5 |
2.08 |
0.29; 15.04 |
2 |
5 |
1.56 |
0.32; 7.57 |
||||
| 3 | 1 | 0.97 | 0.01; 91.36 | 3 | 1 | 0.79 | 0.03; 19.06 | ||||
Analysis done by negative binomial regression. All chemoprophylactic groups were assessed in three risk intervals: from 5.5 months to 24 months, from 10.5 to 24 months and from 15.5 to 24 months. The strength of the association between breadth of response and malaria risk was assessed first unadjusted and after adjusting by treatment, age, season, neighbourhood, current infection, previous infection, maternal infection, congenital infection, placental inflammation, insecticide-treated bed net use, and indoor residual spraying.
1Antibody types.
2Breadth of antibodies.
3Number of children.
4Incidence rate ratio.
5Negative binomial regression model using likelihood ratio test.