Table 1.
Clinical and laboratory features of patients with diabetes and normal glucose tolerance, according to the presence of CAD
| |
Normoglycemic individuals |
|
Diabetic individuals |
|
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Without CAD | With DAC | p** | Without CAD | With CAD | p** | |
| N |
40 |
54 |
|
110 |
237 |
|
| Age (years) |
55.8 (12.9) |
60.2 (13.6) |
NS |
59.1 (10.2) |
61.6 (9.8) |
0.03 |
| Male gender (%) |
53.7 |
76.4 |
0.02 |
40 |
61.2 |
0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) |
27.1 (5.24) |
26.4 (4.91) |
NS |
29.2 (5.32) |
28.0 (4.40) |
0.04 |
| Abdominal circumference (cm) |
95.5 (12.9) |
97.0 (12.4) |
NS |
101.9 (12.65) |
100.5 (12.00) |
NS |
| Diabetes duration (years)* |
– |
– |
– |
4 [1-10] |
6 [2-10] |
NS |
| SBP (mmHg) |
134.4 (21.8) |
131.9 (22.6) |
NS |
145.2 (24.6) |
142.3 (24.6) |
NS |
| DBP (mmHg) |
79.0 (15.4) |
79.7 (14.2) |
NS |
82.4 (16.1) |
79.2 (12.1) |
NS |
| FPG (mg/dl) |
90.4 (6.8) |
90.8 (7.1) |
NS |
143.4 (48.9) |
162.3 (69.8) |
0.004 |
| Fasting insulin (mU/L) |
6.44 (4.38) |
6.10 (4.77) |
NS |
14.6 (17.6) |
10.9 (8.91) |
NS |
| HOMA2B |
69.17 (25.63) |
66.50 (25.82) |
NS |
75.56 (51.83) |
64.07 (48.51) |
NS |
| HOMA2-IR |
0.70 (0.41) |
0.66 (0.42) |
NS |
1.84 (1.67) |
1.54 (1.03) |
NS |
| HbA1c (%) |
5.28 (0.27) |
5.35 (0.25) |
NS |
7.59 (1.55) |
8.03 (1.91) |
0.03 |
| LDL (mg/dL) |
105.0 (34.8) |
98.6 (33.4) |
NS |
101.0 (39.9) |
98.1 (36.2) |
NS |
| HDL (mg/dL) |
42.7 (11.4) |
38.4 (10.340 |
NS |
44.4 (15.9) |
39.2 (13.2) |
0.003 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL)* |
116.0 [75.25-158.0] |
115.0 [93.0-158.0] |
NS |
121.0 [78.5-184.25] |
140.0 [106.0-204.0] |
0.002 |
| Total Adiponectin (μg/mL)* |
11.80 [6.85-18.62] |
8.73 [5.95-14.88] |
NS |
8.26 [5.49-12.86] |
7.36 [5.33-11.83] |
NS |
| eGFR (mL/min) |
88.1 (22.3) |
83.6 (21.4) |
NS |
83.1 (28.3) |
80.4 (24.2) |
NS |
| Hypertension (%) |
73.2 |
72.7 |
NS |
95.5 |
94.5 |
NS |
| Framingham risk above 20% (%) |
8.6 |
17 |
NS |
21.6 |
32.5 |
0.047 |
| Statin use (%) |
41.5 |
56.4 |
NS |
60.9 |
72.6 |
0.03 |
| Aspirin use (%) |
58.5 |
67.3 |
NS |
70 |
79.7 |
0.046 |
| Diabetes treatment |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Insulin (%) |
– |
– |
– |
24.5 |
28.3 |
NS |
| Sulphonylurea (%) |
– |
– |
– |
20.4 |
27 |
NS |
| Metformin (%) |
– |
– |
– |
44.5 |
45.6 |
NS |
| Dyslipidemia (%) |
70.7 |
89.1 |
0.023 |
89.1 |
90.3 |
NS |
| Familial history of CAD (%) | 29.3 | 45.5 | NS | 34.9 | 35 | NS |
Values expressed in mean (SD), except where otherwise noted; *values expressed in median [interquartile range]; **p values for comparisons between individuals with and without CAD, within diabetic and normoglycemic groups.