Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Patients Undergoing Surgery, Overall and Stratified by Major Perioperative Hemorrhage
| Overall (n=651 775) | Hemorrhage (n=5233) | No Hemorrhage (n=646 542) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 56 (17) | 64 (14) | 56 (17) |
| Female sex, % | 58.6 | 42.2 | 58.8 |
| Race, % | |||
| White | 72.4 | 74.9 | 72.4 |
| Black | 9.9 | 11.4 | 9.9 |
| Hispanic | 6.7 | 4.6 | 6.7 |
| Asian | 1.9 | 2.0 | 1.9 |
| Other | 9.1 | 7.2 | 9.1 |
| ASA class | 2.4 (0.7) | 3.1 (0.7) | 2.4 (0.7) |
| Surgical category, % | |||
| General | 75.1 | 51.5 | 75.3 |
| Vascular | 12.5 | 40.9 | 12.3 |
| Orthopedic | 5.4 | 3.1 | 5.4 |
| Gynecologic | 2.6 | 1.2 | 2.6 |
| Urologic | 1.8 | 1.9 | 1.8 |
| Head and neck | 1.1 | 0.4 | 1.1 |
| Plastic | 1.0 | 0.2 | 1.0 |
| Thoracic | 0.5 | 0.8 | 0.5 |
| Coronary heart disease, % | 6.1 | 14.9 | 6.0 |
| Stroke or TIA, % | 6.5 | 11.5 | 6.4 |
| Congestive heart failure, % | 0.8 | 2.8 | 0.7 |
| Hypertension, % | 46.5 | 67.9 | 46.3 |
| Diabetes mellitus, % | 15.0 | 21.8 | 14.9 |
| Renal insufficiency, % | 3.3 | 9.4 | 3.3 |
| Peripheral vascular disease, % | 5.1 | 14.1 | 5.0 |
| COPD, % | 4.5 | 11.5 | 4.5 |
| Anemia, % | 24.5 | 58.1 | 24.2 |
| Bleeding disorder, % | 5.0 | 14.6 | 4.9 |
| Tobacco use, % | 20.3 | 24.5 | 20.3 |
ASA indicates American Society of Anesthesiologists; TIA, transient ischemic attack; and COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Values are mean (SD) when appropriate.