Table 1.

Contents¹⁾ of Saponins in Processed Vietnamese Ginseng

Peak No2)	Saponin	Molecular Formular	Steaming time
			Raw(0 h)	2 h	4 h	6 h	8 h	10 h	12 h	14 h	16 h	18 h	20 h
1	MR1	C42H72O15	35.9 ± 7.0	29.9 ± 1.0	28.4 ± 1.8	25.8 ± 4.4	22.1 ± 0.7	24.2 ± 0.8	24.1 ± 1.0	23.6 ± 0.9	22.0 ± 1.7	20.6 ± 0.6	21.3 ± 0.6
2	Rg1+Re3)	C42H72O14	30.1 ± 5.4	11.6 ± 0.4	1.3 ± 0.1	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.
3	MR2	C41H70O14	44.3 ± 6.9	39.0 ± 1.1	40.2 ± 2.4	37.1 ± 5.6	30.6 ± 0.4	33.1 ± 1.8	34.0 ± 1.9	31.4 ± 2.7	29.6 ± 2.4	27.3 ± 2.7	25.9 ± 0.8
4	Unknown 14)		5.4 ± 1.3	4.9 ± 0.2	6.2 ± 0.8	6.3 ± 0.8	5.6 ± 0.9	7.3 ± 0.1	8.0 ± 0.6	8.8 ± 0.7	9.8 ± 1.1	9.9 ± 1.7	12.4 ± 1.1
5	VR1+VR25)	C43H72O15	23.5 ± 3.2	19.8 ± 0.5	18.6 ± 1.6	16.3 ± 2.7	13.7 ± 0.2	14.3 ± 0.7	14.5 ± 0.9	13.1 ± 0.5	12.3 ± 1.0	11.0 ± 1.1	9.6 ± 0.4
6	Unknown 24)		11.7 ± 1.9	7.2 ± 0.5	1.0 ± 0.1	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.
7	Rb1	C54H92O23	23.6 ± 3.5	14.4 ± 0.5	4.5 ± 0.7	0.8 ± 0.2	0.9 ± 0.4	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.
8	Rc	C53H90O22	13.0 ± 2.3	7.0 ± 0.3	1.5 ± 0.2	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.
9	Rb2	C53H90O22	10.4 ± 1.9	5.5 ± 0.5	2.1 ± 0.2	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.
10	20(S)-Rh1	C36H62O9	6.1 ± 1.4	13.8 ± 0.8	17.5 ± 0.7	14.1 ± 2.4	12.3 ± 1.2	10.8 ± 0.8	10.7 ± 0.6	7.8 ± 0.8	6.2 ± 0.5	6.2 ± 1.8	3.9 ± 0.4
11	20(R)-Rh1	C36H62O9	N.D.6)	7.2 ± 0.4	11.7 ± 0.8	10.7 ± 1.8	9.7 ± 0.5	10.9 ± 0.7	11.0 ± 0.5	10.4 ± 0.4	9.6 ± 0.9	8.8 ± 0.6	7.8 ± 0.6
12	Rd	C48H82O18	8.2 ± 1.2	5.8 ± 0.3	3.1 ± 0.3	1.4 ± 0.2	1.1 ± 0.5	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.
13	Rk3	C36H60O8	N.D.	2.6 ± 1.8	7.1 ± 0.7	6.8 ± 1.6	5.9 ± 0.7	7.5 ± 0.6	7.8 ± 0.6	7.9 ± 0.3	7.3 ± 0.5	6.9 ± 0.4	7.3 ± 0.3
14	Rh4	C36H60O8	N.D.	4.5 ± 0.3	8.8 ± 0.7	8.7 ± 1.8	8.2 ± 0.8	10.5 ± 0.6	10.4 ± 0.5	11.6 ± 0.5	11.4 ± 0.8	10.7 ± 1.4	12.7 ± 0.8
15	20(S)-Rg3	C42H72O13	N.D.	5.9 ± 0.4	13.4 ± 0.7	13.8 ± 2.7	13.1 ± 0.5	15.1 ± 0.7	15.3 ± 1.0	14.5 ± 0.7	13.5 ± 1.0	12.8 ± 0.4	11.9 ± 0.3
16	20(R)-Rg3	C42H72O13	N.D.	4.6 ± 0.3	11.3 ± 0.8	11.7 ± 2.4	10.8 ± 0.5	13.0 ± 0.9	13.2 ± 0.7	13.0 ± 0.9	12.9 ± 1.0	12.2 ± 0.8	13.2 ± 0.6
17	Rk1	C42H70O12	N.D.	2.3 ± 0.2	6.1 ± 0.4	6.4 ± 1.4	5.8 ± 0.6	7.2 ± 0.4	7.3 ± 0.4	7.5 ± 0.4	7.1 ± 0.6	6.8 ± 0.5	7.7 ± 0.6
18	Rg5	C42H70O12	N.D.	3.0 ± 0.2	7.4 ± 0.5	7.8 ± 1.9	7.1 ± 0.6	9.2 ± 0.5	9.0 ± 0.5	9.4 ± 0.7	9.1 ± 0.6	8.8 ± 0.8	10.5 ± 0.7
	Sum		212.4	188.8	190.1	167.8	146.7	163.2	165.3	159.1	150.8	142.0	144.2

¹⁾Results are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 3) as mg/(g dried VG).

²⁾Peak No. in Fig. 3.

³⁾Calculated as Rg1.

⁴⁾Concentration of unknown 1 and 2 were calculated by comparing ELSD responses to MR2 and Rb1, respectively.

⁵⁾Calculated as VR2.

⁶⁾N.D: not detected.