Figure 5.

Adrenal catecholamine content and plasma epinephrine levels are increased in VGF homozygous-knockout compared to wild-type mice. Norepinephrine (A, C, E) and epinephrine (B, D, F) levels were quantified in adrenal gland (A, B), plasma (C, D), and heart (E, F), from wild-type Vgf^+/+ (WT), heterozygous-knockout Vgf^+/− (HET), and homozygous-knockout Vgf^−/− (KO) mice, as described in Materials and Methods (means±sem; n=4–8 mice/group). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.005, ***P < 0.0001; ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc comparison.