Table 1.
Age-adjusted logistic regression models predicting (A) impaired consciousness and (B) cerebral malaria (N = 213)
| |
A: impaired consciousness |
B: cerebral malaria |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Models | Explanatory variables | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value |
| 1$ |
Group A-like |
4.5(1.7,11.4) |
0.002 |
2.97(1.14, 7.76) |
0.026 |
| 2 |
ang-2 |
3.0(1.9, 4.7) |
0.000002 |
2.52(1.57, 4.03) |
0.00012 |
| 3$ |
Parasite density (peripheral) |
1.37(1.12, 1.67) |
0.002 |
1.46(1.16, 1.84) |
0.001 |
| 4 |
PfHRP2 |
1.34(1.13, 1.60) |
0.001 |
1.43(1.17, 1.74) |
0.0004 |
| 5$ |
IE surface antibodies |
0.96(0.94, 0.98) |
0.00002 |
0.96(0.94, 0.99) |
0.001 |
| 6 |
Group A-like |
3.5(1.32, 9.44) |
0.012‡ |
2.3(0.84,6.33) |
0.1 |
| ang-2 |
2.82(1.78, 4.46) |
0.000009‡ |
2.38(1.48, 3.82) |
0.0003‡ |
|
| 7$ |
Group A-like |
2.3(0.86, 6.3) |
0.097 |
1.73(0.63, 4.77) |
0.3 |
| IE surface antibodies |
0.96(0.94, 0.98) |
0.0001‡ |
0.97(0.95, 0.99) |
0.003‡ |
|
| 8 |
ang-2 |
2.87(1.76, 4.66) |
0.00002‡ |
2.35(1.43, 3.85) |
0.001‡ |
| IE surface antibodies |
0.96(0.94, 0.98) |
0.00007‡ |
0.97(0.95, 0.99) |
0.003‡ |
|
| 9$ |
Group A-like |
4.15(1.6, 10.7) |
0.003‡ |
2.65(0.99, 7.08) |
0.05 |
| Parasite density (peripheral) |
1.3(1.1, 1.65) |
0.005‡ |
1.43(1.14, 1.81) |
0.002‡ |
|
| 10 |
Group A-like |
4.24(1.6, 11.21) |
0.004‡ |
2.68( 0.98,7.37) |
0.05 |
| |
PfHRP2 |
1.32(1.12, 1.57) |
0.001‡ |
1.40(1.15, 1.71) |
0.001‡ |
| 11 |
ang-2 |
2.7(1.7, 4.3) |
0.00005‡ |
2.17(1.33, 3.53) |
0.002‡ |
| Parasite density (peripheral) |
1.21(0.97, 1.5) |
0.09 |
1.32(1.04, 1.68) |
0.023‡ |
|
| 12 |
ang-2 |
2.6(1.60, 4.24) |
0.005‡ |
2.07(1.24, 3.44) |
0.005‡ |
| PfHRP2 | 1.18(0.98, 1.41) | 0.080 | 1.28(1.04,1.58) | 0.019‡ | |
The analysis in this table considers the outcomes IC and CM as factors, which means non-IC/CM severe cases are included in the control group and hence the analysis is conservative. The association of group A-like with impaired consciousness is independent of ang-2 (model 6). Similarly the IE surface antibodies and ang-2 show independent association with impaired consciousness (Model 8A, compare with model 7A). In Model 6B, the association of group A-like expression with CM is not statistically significant when ang-2 was considered. However, the odd ratios of both the unadjusted and ang-2 adjusted are similar in magnitude and direction. $ indicate models that have been published in [8,10] and repeated here for comparison. ‡ = variables that improved the fit of the model using LR χ2 improvement test. PfHRP2 data was obtained for 207 out of the 213 samples.