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. 2014 Mar 27;11:59. doi: 10.1186/1742-2094-11-59

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Copyright © 2014 Zhu et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Curcumin reduced microglial activation and inflammatory mediator release induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the transwell co-culture of neurons and microglia. (A) Colocalization of CD11b and TLR4 was evident. Treatment with curcumin after LPS stimulation resulted in a less reactive state of the microglia, as shown. (B) TLR4 immunofluorescence intensity in microglia was also reduced after curcumin treatment. ELISA showed that curcumin-treated cells had a change in the release of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1 and RANTES (C, D, E, F, G) at 24 hours after LPS administration. Values (mean ± SD) are representative of three independent experiments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. Bar = 50 μm.