Table 4.
HRs and 95% CIs of total, boiled and filtered coffee consumption stratified by BMI and smoking status in 97 926 postmenopausal NOWAC Study participants
| |
No of cups |
Age-adjusted HR, CI 95%
a
|
Multivariate-adjusted HR, CI 95%
b
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total coffee | Boiled coffee | Filtered coffee | Total coffee | Boiled coffee | Filtered coffee | ||
| BMI < 25 |
≤ 1 |
1.0 (ref) |
1.0 (ref) |
1.0 (ref) |
1.0 (ref) |
1.0 (ref) |
1.0 (ref) |
| |
2-3 |
0.93 (0.63-1.38) |
0.88 (0.53-1.47) |
1.29 (0.93-1.79) |
0.96 (0.65-1.42) |
0.87 (0.52-1.46) |
1.25 (0.90-1.74) |
| |
4-7 |
0.78 (0.53-1.16) |
0.88 (0.53-1.44) |
1.05 (0.75-1.49) |
0.86 (0.58-1.29) |
0.97 (0.59-1.60) |
1.11 (0.78-1.57) |
| |
≥ 8 |
0.54 (0.31-0.96) |
0.50 (0.19-1.36) |
0.57 (0.29-1.14) |
0.65 (0.36-1.17) |
0.59 (0.22-1.63) |
0.66 (0.33-1.32) |
| p for trend |
|
0.009 |
0.13 |
0.39 |
0.008 |
0.31 |
0.77 |
| BMI ≥ 25 |
≤ 1 |
1.0 (ref) |
1.0 (ref) |
1.0 (ref) |
1.0 (ref) |
1.0 (ref) |
1.0 (ref) |
| |
2-3 |
0.82 (0.57-1.17) |
1.26 (0.85-1.85) |
0.79 (0.58-1.09) |
0.83 (0.58-1.19) |
1.22 (0.83-1.80) |
0.78 (0.57-1.08) |
| |
4-7 |
0.72 (0.51-1.02) |
1.13 (0.77-1.67) |
0.72 (0.51-1.02) |
0.78 (0.55-1.12) |
1.21 (0.82-1.79) |
0.83 (0.60-1.13) |
| |
≥ 8 |
0.33 (0.18-0.61) |
0.33 (0.10-1.02) |
0.40 (0.19-0.83) |
0.39 (0.21-0.73) |
0.39 (0.12-1.23) |
0.46 (0.22-0.96) |
| p for trend |
|
0.0005 |
0.44 |
0.01 |
0.009 |
0.79 |
0.05 |
| Never smokers |
≤ 1 |
1.0 (ref) |
1.0 (ref) |
1.0 (ref) |
1.0 (ref) |
1.0 (ref) |
1.0 (ref) |
| |
2-3 |
1.01 (0.7-1.44) |
1.09 (0.72-1.67) |
1.15 (0.85-1.57) |
1.05 (0.74-1.51) |
1.07 (0.70-1.62) |
1.19 (0.87-1.62) |
| |
4-7 |
0.97 (0.67-1.41) |
0.95 (0.57-1.58) |
0.08 (0.76-1.53) |
0.97 (0.67-1.42) |
0.91 (0.55-1.53) |
1.08 (0.76-1.53) |
| |
≥ 8 |
0.54 (0.23-1.26) |
0.36 (0.05-2.52) |
0.67 (0.25-1.83) |
0.49 (0.21-1.16) |
0.33 (0.05-2.33) |
0.63 (0.23-1.72) |
| p for trend |
|
0.41 |
0.59 |
0.99 |
0.26 |
0.44 |
0.94 |
| Former smokers |
≤ 1 |
1.0 (ref) |
1.0 (ref) |
1.0 (ref) |
1.0 (ref) |
1.0 (ref) |
1.0 (ref) |
| |
2-3 |
0.75 (0.47-1.19) |
1.05 (0.59-1.86) |
0.69 (0.45-1.05) |
0.76 (0.47-1.21) |
1.04 (0.58-1.85) |
0.70 (0.46-1.07) |
| |
4-7 |
0.76 (0.48-1.21) |
1.79 (1.12-2.85) |
0.79 (0.52-1.18) |
0.74 (0.46-1.18) |
1.69 (1.06-2.72) |
0.77 (0.51-1.16) |
| |
≥ 8 |
0.59 (0.29-1.20) |
0.25 (0.03-1.76) |
0.66 (0.30-1.45) |
0.57 (0.28-1.15) |
0.23 (0.03-1.67) |
0.64 (0.29-1.42) |
| p for trend |
|
0.09 |
0.67 |
0.19 |
0.06 |
0.83 |
0.18 |
| Current smokers |
≤ 1 |
1.0 (ref) |
1.0 (ref) |
1.0 (ref) |
1.0 (ref) |
1.0 (ref) |
1.0 (ref) |
| |
2-3 |
0.73 (0.37-1.45) |
1.16 (0.56-2.41) |
1.04 (0.60-1.78) |
0.76 (0.38-1.52) |
1.16 (0.56-2.42) |
1.04 (0.60-1.79) |
| |
4-7 |
0.61 (0.32-1.15) |
0.76 (0.39-1.48) |
0.93 (0.58-1.50) |
0.64 (0.34-1.21) |
0.77 (0.39-1.50) |
0.96 (0.59-1.55) |
| |
≥ 8 |
0.36 (0.17-0.79) |
0.69 (0.28-1.73) |
0.40 (0.17-0.95) |
0.37 (0.17-0.81) |
0.69 (0.28-1.73) |
0.40 (0.17-0.95) |
| p for trend | 0.009 | 0.30 | 0.12 | 0.01 | 0.30 | 0.13 | |
aBasic model that was adjusted for age. bMultivariate model that was adjusted for parity, smoking status, BMI, duration of OC and HRT use. Abbreviations: HR Hazard ratio, CI Confidence interval, BMI Body mass index, NOWAC Norwegian Women and Cancer, OC Oral contraceptives, HRT Hormone replacement therapy.