Table 2.
Associations of indoor passive smoking and adult CVD.
| Yes n (%) |
No n (%) |
Being Exposed in 1 Place | Being exposed in ≥2 Places | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95%CI) | p value | OR (95%CI) | p value | ||||
| Total CVD | 10,456 (37.4%) | 17,501 (62.6%) | 1.25 (1.13–1.37) | <0.001 | 1.35 (1.11–1.65) | 0.003 | |
| Stroke | 943 (3.4%) | 27,041 (96.6%) | 1.53 (1.27–1.86) | <0.001 | 1.88 (1.28–2.76) | 0.001 | |
| Angina | 1,698 (6.1%) | 26,272 (93.7%) | 1.42 (1.22–1.65) | <0.001 | 1.50 (1.06–2.11) | 0.022 | |
| Heart attack | 1,177 (4.2%) | 26,807 (95.8%) | 1.36 (1.14–1.61) | 0.001 | 1.87 (1.29–2.71) | 0.001 | |
| Heart murmur | 1,161 (4.2%) | 26,822 (95.8%) | 1.19 (1.00–1.42) | 0.051 | 1.17 (0.84–1.64) | 0.360 | |
| Abnormal heart rhythms | 2,140 (7.7%) | 25,835 (92.3%) | 1.11 (0.97–1.26) | 0.130 | 1.36 (1.07–1.74) | 0.013 | |
| Other heart problems | 833 (3.0%) | 27,159 (97.0%) | 1.23 (1.00–1.51) | 0.051 | 0.88 (0.55–1.39) | 0.581 | |
| Diabetes | 1,809 (6.5%) | 26,181 (93.5%) | 1.11 (0.96–1.28) | 0.145 | 1.16 (0.85–1.58) | 0.354 | |
| GHQ-12 scores ≥ 12 | 9,009 (35.2%) | 16,553 (64.8%) | 1.28 (1.18–1.38) | <0.001 | 1.45 (1.26–1.67) | <0.001 | |
Note: Adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, body mass index, smoking status, high blood pressure, education level, alcohol intake, and exercise, and survey weighting.