Table 5.
Associations of indoor passive smoking and adult CVD in never smokers.
| Yes n (%) |
No n (%) |
Being Exposed in 1 Place | Being Exposed in ≥2 Places | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95%CI) | p value | OR (95%CI) | p value | |||
| Total CVD | 1,452 (13.2%) | 9,452 (86.8%) | 1.24 (1.01–1.52) | 0.041 | 1.75 (0.98–3.14) | 0.059 |
| Stroke | 258 (2.4%) | 10,650 (97.6%) | 1.38 (0.89–2.16) | 0.151 | 1.53 (0.41–5.66) | 0.523 |
| Angina | 442 (4.1%) | 10,460 (95.9%) | 1.21 (0.86–1.71) | 0.270 | 2.43 (1.10–5.37) | 0.028 |
| Heart attack | 255 (2.3%) | 10,654 (97.7%) | 1.37 (0.88–2.14) | 0.167 | 2.64 (0.99–7.00) | 0.052 |
| Heart murmur | 449 (4.1%) | 10,459 (95.9%) | 1.24 (0.89–1.71) | 0.201 | 1.29 (0.58–2.87) | 0.536 |
| Abnormal heart rhythms | 686 (6.3%) | 10,220 (93.7%) | 1.04 (0.80–1.36) | 0.773 | 2.01 (0.97–4.20) | 0.062 |
| Other heart problems | 244 (2.2%) | 10,665 (97.8%) | 1.67 (1.14–2.45) | 0.009 | 0.37 (0.05–2.66) | 0.326 |
| Diabetes | 579 (5.3%) | 10,330 (94.7%) | 1.12 (0.85–1.48) | 0.422 | 0.93 (0.45–1.91) | 0.838 |
| GHQ-12 scores ≥ 12 | 3,244 (32.7%) | 6,670 (67.3%) | 1.12 (0.97–1.29) | 0.110 | 1.63 (1.15–2.30) | 0.005 |
Note: Adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, body mass index, high blood pressure, education level, alcohol intake, and exercise, and survey weighting.