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. 2014 Apr 14;205(1):97–111. doi: 10.1083/jcb.201310035

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© 2014 Bentzinger et al.

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Figure 8. — Molecular mechanisms of ex vivo Wnt7a modulation. Upon stimulation, Wnt7a induces the symmetric proliferation of Myf5-independent satellite cells in conjunction with fibronectin (FN1), syndecan-4 (SDC4) and Vangl2 through the planar cell polarity pathway. In myogenic progenitors, Wnt7a also facilitates Rac1-mediated cell polarization and migration. Fusion of Wnt7a-treated cells activates the AKT–mTOR pathway, leading to myofiber hypertrophy. Therefore, Wnt7a acts on three levels to facilitate the outcomes of cell therapy: (1) it boosts stem cell number, (2) facilitates their dispersion in the host tissue, and (3) leads to muscle growth.