Figure 1.

Effect of carvedilol on testicular histopathology in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. A photomicrograph of a section in rat testis (H and E, ×200) of: (a) Untreated control group, having normal structure of testis with normal adluminal tubular pattern of spermatids (arrow) and normal spermatogonia in the basal compartment (arrowhead), (b) STZ-induced diabetic rat testes (single i.p. injection of 65 mg/kg), showing abnormal structure of seminiferous tubules, with its adluminal part either empty or filled with necrotic shredded cells (arrows), absence of spermatogonia in the basal area (arrowheads) and interstitial compartment filled with extracellular matrix (star), (c) low dose carvedilol group receiving daily single oral dose of 1 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks showing minor improvement in the tubular basal compartment with presence of some spermatogonia (arrowheads), decrease in extracellular matrix in interstitial space (star), but the adlunimal part of the tubules is still either lacking spermatids or filled with necrotic cells (arrows) and (d) high dose carvedilol group receiving daily single oral dose of 10 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks showing normal appearance of seminiferous tubules with normal spermatids in the adluminal compartment (arrow), normal spermatogonia in the basal area (arrowhead) and normal extracellular matrix in the interstitial space (star)