| General |
Rest, minimizing activities which exacerbate pain, information, education, stabilizing exercises (lumbopelvic & spinal), balance between rest and exercise, pain relief drug therapy |
Stuge et al. 2004; Bastiaenen et al. 2006; Stuge et al. 2006 O’Sullivan and Beales 2007; Vleeming et al. 2008; Vermani et al. 2009; Katonis et al. 2011 |
| Reduced force closure |
Pelvic belt: just below the anterior superior iliac spine with a tension of 50N |
Damen et al. 2002a; Mens et al. 2006a; O’Sullivan and Beales 2007; Lee et al. 2008; Beales et al. 2010; Arumugam et al. 2012 |
| Physical exercise: based on specific lumbopelvic motor control deficit |
| Relaxation of thoracopelvic muscles |
| Excessive force closure |
Breathing techniques, hydrotherapy, relaxation, enhancing passive or relaxing spinal postures, cardiovascular exercise, ceasing stabilizing exercises and pacing strategies |
O’Sullivan and Beales 2007 |
| Low evidence |
Massage, manual therapy, local cold/hot application, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) |
Vleeming et al. 2008; Vermani et al. 2009; Kanakaris et al. 2011; Katonis et al. 2011 |
