Table 1.

Rapid guide to the echocardiographic examination in animal cardiovascular research

Animal	Transducer Frequency (MHz)	Animal Position	Main Echocardiographic Planes	Main Limitations
Small rodents	10.0 - 15.0	Left lateral decubitus	PLAX, short-axis, apical	Elevated heart rate
Rabbits
Goats/Sheep	2.5 - 3.5 (adultos)	Left lateral decubitus	PLAX, short axis	Chest shape
	4.0 - 8.0 (jovens)	Customized stretcher
Dogs	2.5 - 3.5 (adultos)	Left lateral decubitus	PLAX, short-axis, apical	---
	4.0 - 8.0 (jovens)
Pigs	2.5 - 3.5 (adultos)	Left lateral decubitus	PLAX, short-axis, apical	---
	4.0 - 8.0 (jovens)

PLAX: paraesternal long-axis view.