TABLE 3—
ML-SEM Parameter Estimates of Association Between Obesity and Food Sources (n = 5572): Ongoing Research on Aging in New Jersey: Bettering Opportunities for Wellness in Life (ORANJ BOWL), 2006–2008
| Nontandardized Estimates |
Standardized Estimates |
|||
| b (SE) | 95% CI | B (SE) | 95% CI | |
| Individual level 1 (within) | ||||
| Obesity regressed on | ||||
| Age | 0.003 (0.002) | –0.001, 0.007 | 0.023 (0.015) | –0.007, 0.053 |
| Gender | –0.094 (0.023) | –0.14, –0.048 | –0.056** (0.013) | –0.030, –0.082 |
| Education | –0.033 (0.006) | –0.045, –0.021 | –0.085** (0.016) | –0.053, –0.117 |
| Income | –0.004 (0.011) | –0.026, 0.018 | –0.007 (0.018) | –0.029, 0.043 |
| Race | 0.245 (0.050) | 0.145, 0.345 | 0.072** (0.015) | 0.042, 0.102 |
| African American correlated with | ||||
| Age | –0.009 (0.025) | –0.059, 0.041 | –0.005 (0.015) | –0.035, 0.025 |
| Gender | 0.002 (0.002) | –0.002, 0.006 | 0.022 (0.015) | –0.008, 0.052 |
| Education | –0.047 (0.008) | –0.063, –0.031 | –0.096** (0.015) | –0.126, –0.066 |
| Income | –0.050 (0.007) | –0.064, –0.036 | –0.150** (0.019) | –0.188, –0.112 |
| Age correlated with | ||||
| Gender | 0.179 (0.048) | 0.083, 0.275 | 0.053** (0.014) | 0.025, 0.081 |
| Education | –2.178 (0.197) | –2.572, –1.788 | –0.153** (0.014) | –0.181, –0.125 |
| Income | –2.791 (0.145) | –3.084, –2.504 | –0.287** (0.014) | –0.315, –0.259 |
| Gender correlated with | ||||
| Education | –0.115 (0.000) | –0.115, –0.115 | –0.117** (0.014) | –0.145, –0.089 |
| Income | –0.107 (0.000) | –0.107, –0.107 | –0.160** (0.014) | –0.188, –0.132 |
| Education correlated with income | 1.268 (0.049) | 1.176, 1.374 | 0.445** (0.013) | 0.419, 0.471 |
| Neighborhood level 2 (within) | ||||
| Fast food indicated by | ||||
| McDonald's | 1.000 (0.000) | 1.000, 1.000 | 0.780 (0.025) | 0.730, 0.830 |
| Burger King | 0.710 (0.043) | 0.624, 0.796 | 0.750** (0.029) | 0.692, 0.808 |
| Wendy’s | 0.287 (0.034) | 0.219, 0.355 | 0.400** (0.032) | 0.336, 0.464 |
| Taco Bell | 0.089 (0.019) | 0.051, 0.127 | 0.314** (0.055) | 0.204, 0.424 |
| KFC | 0.077 (0.016) | 0.045, 0.109 | 0.231** (0.031) | 0.169, 0.293 |
| Storefronts Indicated by | ||||
| Convenience stores | 1.000 (0.000) | 1.000, 1.000 | 0.886** (0.012) | 0.862, 0.910 |
| Bars or pubs | 0.706 (0.021) | 0.664, 0.748 | 0.809** (0.013) | 0.783, 0.835 |
| Small grocery stores | 1.457 (0.041) | 1.375, 1.539 | 0.870** (0.012) | 0.846, 0.894 |
| Obesity indicated by BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 | 1.000 (0.000) | 1.000, 1.000 | 0.921** (0.254) | 0.413, 1.429 |
| Obesity regressed on | ||||
| Fast food | 0.827 (0.087) | 0.653, 1.001 | 0.338** (0.102) | 0.134, 0.542 |
| Storefronts | 2.262 (0.940) | 0.382, 4.142 | 0.568** (0.241) | 0.086, 1.050 |
| Supermarkets | 0.273 (0.674) | –1.075, 1.621 | 0.066 (0.162) | –0.258, 0.390 |
Note. BMI = body mass index; CI = confidence interval; ML-SEM = multilevel structural equation models; ORANJ BOWL = Ongoing Research on Aging in New Jersey: Bettering Opportunities for Wellness in Life.
**P < .001.