TABLE 3.

Mean serum retinol, carotenoid, and tocopherol concentrations at baseline and years 1, 3, and 6 according to case and noncase status in the Women's Health Initiative¹

	Year
	02	1	3	6
Retinol (μg/mL)
Cases	0.61 ± 0.15 (190)	0.62 ± 0.16 (135)	0.61 ± 0.16 (95)	0.67 ± 0.18 (43)
Noncases	0.60 ± 0.16 (5260)	0.60 ± 0.15 (3883)	0.60 ± 0.16 (3414)	0.63 ± 0.17 (3157)
α-Carotene (μg/mL)
Cases	0.075 ± 0.0523 (190)	0.076 ± 0.059 (135)	0.053 ± 0.071 (95)	0.060 ± 0.055 (43)
Noncases	0.086 ± 0.083 (5260)	0.080 ± 0.075 (3882)	0.066 ± 0.70 (3414)	0.069 ± 0.069 (3156)
β-Carotene (μg/mL)
Cases	0.30 ± 0.29 (190)	0.29 ± 0.24 (135)	0.29 ± 0.31 (95)	0.28 ± 0.26 (43)
Noncases	0.33 ± 0.33 (5260)	0.32 ± 0.30 (3882)	0.31 ± 0.34 (3414)	0.33 ± 0.37 (3156)
β-Cryptoxanthin (μg/mL)
Cases	0.10 ± 0.10 (190)	0.09 ± 0.07 (135)	0.10 ± 0.08 (95)	0.09 ± 0.074 (43)
Noncases	0.10 ± 0.11 (5260)	0.10 ± 0.10 (3882)	0.11 ± 0.10 (3414)	0.12 ± 0.14 (3156)
Lycopene (μg/mL)
Cases	0.42 ± 0.19 (190)	0.38 ± 0.19 (135)	0.35 ± 0.20 (95)	0.36 ± 0.21 (43)
Noncases	0.41 ± 0.20 (5260)	0.39 ± 0.19 (3885)	0.37 ± 0.20 (3414)	0.37 ± 0.20 (3156)
Lutein + zeaxanthin (μg/mL)
Cases	0.22 ± 0.10 (190)	0.23 ± 0.10 (135)	0.20 ± 0.08 (95)	0.19 ± 0.09 (43)
Noncases	0.22 ± 0.11 (5260)	0.22 ± 0.11 (3883)	0.21 ± 0.10 (3414)	0.20 ± 0.11 (3256)
α-Tocopherol (μg/mL)
Cases	16.79 ± 7.38 (190)	17.14 ± 7.53 (135)	17.40 ± 8.00 (95)	18.99 ± 8.66 (43)
Noncases	16.60 ± 7.72 (5260)	16.84 ± 7.74 (3883)	17.95 ± 8.25 (3414)	18.38 ± 8.32 (3157)
γ-Tocopherol (μg/mL)
Cases	2.16 ± 1.28 (190)	1.78 ± 1.01 (135)	1.69 ± 0.96 (95)	1.51 + 0.98 (43)
Noncases	2.11 ± 1.43 (5260)	1.93 ± 1.40 (3882)	1.75 ± 1.32 (3414)	1.71 + 1.27 (3157)

¹All values are means ± SDs; n in parentheses. Cases include both invasive and in situ breast cancer. Only incident cases diagnosed after blood drawing are included.

²Baseline.

³P = 0.005.

⁴P = 0.02.