Table 3.

Adjusted incidence rate ratio for ALRI hospitalisations in children with isolated or multiple birth defects (BDs)

Hospitalisation diagnosis	Aboriginal		Non- Aboriginal
	Isolated BDs	Multiple BDs	Isolated BDs	Multiple BDs
	IRR* (95%CI)	IRR* (95%CI)	IRR* (95%CI)	IRR* (95%CI)
Any ALRI <24 months	2.0 (1.6, 2.5)	3.4 (2.3, 5.0)	1.8 (1.6, 1.9)	4.4 (3.6, 5.4)
Bronchiolitis <12 months	2.0 (1.5, 2.7)	1.7 (1.0, 3.0)	1.5 (1.4, 1.7)	3.4 (2.6, 4.4)
Pneumonia <24 months	1.5 (1.0, 2.2)	5.0 (2.9, 8.6)	1.8 (1.5, 2.1)	6.0 (4.4, 8.2)

*IRR, incidence rate ratio.

For each model, the reference group is children with no birth defects.

Adjusted for gender, gestational age, season of birth, mode of delivery, number previous pregnancies, per cent optimal birthweight (POBW), maternal age, maternal asthma during pregnancy, maternal smoking during pregnancy, and socioeconomic indices for areas accessibility/remoteness index of Australia [11].