Table 4.
Adjusted incidence rate ratio for ALRI hospitalisations in Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children according to birth defect diagnostic category
|
Diagnostic category |
Any ALRI |
Bronchiolitis |
Pneumonia |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
<24 months |
<12 months |
<24 months |
|||
| IRR* | (95% CI) | IRR* | (95% CI) | IRR* | (95% CI) | |
| Uro-genital defects |
1.6 |
(1.3, 1.8) |
1.4 |
(1.1, 1.6) |
1.4 |
(1.0, 1.8) |
| Musculo-skeletal defects |
1.8 |
(1.5, 2.1) |
1.6 |
(1.3, 1.9) |
1.9 |
(1.4, 2.5) |
| Diaphragmatic hernia |
2.4 |
(0.9, 6.4) |
1.5 |
(0.3, 7.5) |
4.3 |
(1.1, 16.7) |
| Cardiovascular defects |
3.1 |
(2.7, 3.6) |
2.5 |
(2.0, 3.0) |
3.3 |
(2.6, 4.2) |
| Ventricular septal defect |
2.6 |
(2.2, 3.2) |
2.2 |
(1.6, 2.8) |
2.7 |
(1.9, 3.8) |
| Atrial septal defect |
4.7 |
(3.4, 6.3) |
2.8 |
(1.7, 4.3) |
6.9 |
(4.4, 10.8) |
| Nervous system defects |
3.3 |
(2.5, 4.3) |
2.4 |
(1.6, 3.5) |
4.4 |
(2.8, 6.7) |
| Spina bifida |
2.9 |
(0.9, 9.4) |
4.3 |
(1.1, 15.9) |
- |
-** |
| CA of eye |
3.4 |
(2.2, 5.2) |
1.9 |
(1.0, 3.6) |
4.9 |
(2.5, 9.3) |
| CA of ear, face and neck |
4.5 |
(3.6, 5.6) |
3.9 |
(2.9, 6.3) |
4.2 |
(2.8, 6.4) |
| Respiratory system defects |
2.9 |
(1.6, 5.0) |
1.8 |
(0.8, 4.0) |
3.6 |
(1.5, 8.9) |
| Gastro-intestinal defects |
2.2 |
(1.8, 2.7) |
1.9 |
(1.4, 2.6) |
2.6 |
(1.7, 3.8) |
| Cleft palate only |
2.2 |
(1.3, 3.6) |
2.2 |
(1.1, 4.2) |
1.7 |
(0.6, 4.8) |
| Cleft lip only |
0.5 |
(0.1, 1.6) |
- |
-** |
1.4 |
(0.3, 6.0) |
| Cleft lip and palate |
2.5 |
(1.2, 4.8) |
4.0 |
(1.9, 8.6) |
0.9 |
(0.1, 6.9) |
| T-OF, OA/S |
7.4 |
(3.1, 17.7) |
3.5 |
(0.9, 13.1) |
15.8 |
(5.1, 48.6) |
| CA of integument |
1.6 |
(1.2, 2.1) |
1.9 |
(1.3, 2.6) |
1.1 |
(0.6, 2.0) |
| Chromosome defects |
6.7 |
(5.1, 8.7) |
4.7 |
(3.2, 6.8) |
9.9 |
(6.7, 14.4) |
| Down syndrome | 8.0 | (5.6, 11.5) | 5.4 | (3.3, 9.0) | 13.6 | (8.4, 21.9) |
*IRR, incidence rate ratio.
**too few cases for analysis.
For each model, the reference group is children with no birth defects.
Adjusted for gender, gestational age, season of birth, mode of delivery, number previous pregnancies, per cent optimal birthweight (POBW), maternal age, maternal asthma during pregnancy, maternal smoking during pregnancy, and socioeconomic indices for areas accessibility/remoteness index of Australia [11].
CA, Congenital Anomalies; T-OF, OA/S, Tracheo-oesophageal fistula, oesophageal atresia/stenosis.