Table 2.

Associations between child and family characteristics and neglect subtypes (n = 2044)

Characteristic a	Physical neglect	Emotional neglect	Educational neglect	Supervisory neglect
	Estimates (95% CI)	Estimates (95% CI)	Estimates (95% CI)	Estimates (95% CI)
Children’s age	0.322(-0.101,0.745)	-0.007(-0.217,0.204)	-0.226(-0.636,0.184)	0.206(-0.132,0.544)
Gender
Girls	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Boys	-0.437(-0.704, -0.171)**	0.312(-0.021,0.646)	-0.142(-0.793,0.508)	0.288(-0.248,0.824)
Physical health issues
No	Ref
Yes	0.339(-0.135,0.813)	0.713(0.339,1.086)***	1.152(0.423,1.882)**	0.555(-0.046,1.157)
Cognitive impairment
No	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Yes	0.628(1.125,0.130)*	1.454(1.062, 1.847)***	1.393(0.628,2.159)***	0.865(0.234,1.496)**
Mother’s age	0.002(-0.075,0.079)	0.01(-0.051,0.07)	-0.014(-0.133,-0.001,)*	-0.015(-0.113,0.083)
Mother’s employment
Empolyed	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Unemployed	1.028(-0.169,2.225)	0.411(-0.203,1.025)	0.857(0.079,1.636)*	0.97(-0.018,1.957)
Mother’s health problems
No	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Yes	0.213(-0.232,0.658)	-0.168(-0.519,0.183)	0.559(-0.126,1.244)	0.336(-0.229,0.901)
Higher education of mother
No	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Yes	-0.642(-1.197,-0.087)*	-0.589(-1.027,-0.151)**	-2.456(-3.31,-1.601)***	-0.392(-1.096,0.313)
Higher education of father
No	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Yes	-0.509(-1.055,0.037)	-0.531(-0.962,-0.100)*	-0.688(-1.528,0.152)	-0.272(-0.965,0.420)
Family structure
Nuclear family	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Single family	-0.046(-4.932,0.002)	-0.387(-3.337,0.436)	-0.029(-6.203,1.159)	-0.031(-0.110,0.087)
Family with three generations	-0.055(-1.093,-0.135)*	-0.040(-0.732,0.023)	-0.022(-0.350,1.123)	0.038(-5.176,0.893)
Family per-capita income of every month	0.001(-0001,0.002)	0.011(-0.005,0.021)	0.012(-0.003,0.025)	0.009(-0.002,0.010)

^aAdjusted for children’s school and other variables in the table using linear regression model (method for variable entry and removal:“enter”).

*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.