Table 4.

Cytokine levels in the supernatant of CD3-stimulated intraepithelial lymphocytes of enrolled subjects

Cytokines levels (pg/mL)	Control n=10	HIV n=10	HCV n=10	HIV/HCV n=10	p Value
IL-2	0.9±0.6	2.6±1.6	1.1±1.3	0.5±0.1	0.1
IL-4	11.5±22.1	6.5±3.6	7.9±6.6	2.4±0.9	0.02*
IL-10	8.5±6.5	0	11.9±0.1	8.2±8.6	0.08
TNF-α	3.6±2.8	4.9±3.9	1.3±4	4.6±5.1	0.02*
IL12p40	15.3±5.8	12.5±2.1	10.8±5.8	14.3±14.2	0.3
IL-17	0	4.7±8.1	0	0.1±0.3	0.2
IL-22	49.2±75.5	422.9±732.5	741.5±1714	1474±3581	0.8

^*Measured using one-way analysis of variance test comparing the differences in the levels of cytokines between the four groups.

TNF, tumour necrosis factor.