Table 1.
Participant characteristics
| Total (N = 62) | Order of ICS |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| HD/LD (n = 32) | LD/HD (n = 30) | ||
| General characteristics | |||
| Male patients, n (%) | 22 (35) | 13 (41) | 9 (30) |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%)a | |||
| White | 35 (56) | 19 (59) | 16 (53) |
| African American | 19 (31) | 7 (22) | 12 (40) |
| Latino/Hispanic | 7 (11) | 6 (19) | 1 (3) |
| Other | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | 1 (3) |
| Age at enrollment (y), mean ± SD | 39.2 ± 15.4 | 40.6 ± 15.3 | 37.8 ± 15.7 |
| Former smoker, n (%) | 6 (10) | 4 (13) | 2 (7) |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean ± SD | 27.7 ± 6.2 | 28.2 ± 6.6 | 27.2 ± 5.9 |
| Other conditions, n (%) | |||
| Eczema | 6 (10) | 4 (13) | 2 (7) |
| Sinusitis | 7 (11) | 3 (9) | 4 (13) |
| Hay fever/rhinitis | 39 (63) | 20 (63) | 19 (63) |
| GERD | 14 (23) | 7 (22) | 7 (23) |
| Food allergy | 10 (16) | 6 (19) | 4 (13) |
| Family history of asthma, n (%) | 40 (65) | 19 (59) | 21 (70) |
| Atopy | |||
| Positive allergy skin test results, median (range) | 3 (0–14) | 3 (0–14) | 4 (0–14) |
| ≥1 positive allergy skin test reaction, n (%) | 49 (82) | 23 (72) | 26 (93) |
| Lung function, mean ± SD | |||
| Percentage of predicted FEV1 (before BD) | 86.6 ± 12.7 | 89.4 ± 12.9 | 83.6 ± 11.9 |
| Percentage of predicted FVC (before BD) | 94.4 ± 11.9 | 96.3 ± 12.4 | 92.4 ± 11.1 |
| Asthma characteristics | |||
| Age of onset (y), median (range) | 15.5 (1–53) | 15.5 (1–53) | 15.5 (1–52) |
| Asthma treatment at enrollment, n (%) | |||
| ICS/LABA combination | 37 (60) | 22 (69) | 15 (50) |
| ICS (no combination) | 19 (30) | 9 (28) | 10(33) |
| No ICS | 6 (10) | 1 (3) | 5 (17) |
| Anti-leukotriene | 13 (21) | 4 (13) | 9 (30) |
| Asthma control | |||
| Use of daily SABA, n (%) | 12 (19) | 8 (25) | 4 (13) |
| ACQ, mean ± SD | 0.6 ± 0.4 | 0.7 ± 0.4 | 0.6 ± 0.5 |
| Urgent care visits in 12 mo, n (%) | 15 (24) | 8 (25) | 7 (23) |
| Prednisone bursts in 12 mo, n (%) | 12 (19) | 7 (22) | 5 (17) |
Abbreviations: ACQ, 7-item Asthma Control Questionnaire; BD, bronchodilator; BMI, body mass index; FEV1, forced expiration in 1 second; FVC, forced vital capacity; GERD, gastroesophageal reflux disease; HD/LD, high-dose and then low-dose inhaled corticosteroids; ICS, inhaled corticosteroids; LABA, long-acting β agonist; LD/HD, low-dose and then high-dose inhaled corticosteroids; SABA, short-acting β agonist.
a
Race/ethnicity was determined by self-identification to best descriptive category.