Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of study participants
| ARIC AF risk score ≤11 (n=15) | ARIC AF risk score 12–18 (n=40) | ARIC AF risk score ≥19 (n=23) | ANOVA P value | Paroxysmal AF (n=12) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (SD),y | 54.0(8.4) | 59.2(8.4) | 62.8(9.0) | 0.013 | 57.6(12.4) |
| Females,n(%) | 12(80.0) | 17(42.5) | 1(4.3) | <0.0001 | 2(16.7) |
| Blacks,n(%) | 11(73.3) | 17(42.5) | 3(13.0) | 0.001 | 4(33.3) |
| Hypertension,n(%) | 9(60.0) | 26(65.0) | 21(91.3) | 0.023 | 7(58.3) |
| Hypertension Hx(SD),y | 1.5(3.2) | 3.2(5.5) | 5.8(7.3) | 0.068 | 5.6(8.3) |
| Diabetes mellitus,n(%) | 4(26.7) | 11(27.5) | 4(18.2) | 0.416 | 2(16.8) |
| Diabetes mellitus history (SD), y | 1.8(5.0) | 2.8(5.6) | 0.9(2.0) | 0.292 | 0.7(1.6) |
| Body mass index(SD),kg/m2 | 28.9(7.5) | 31.7(7.6) | 32.3(6.8) | 0.343 | 30.6(8.0) |
| History of MI,n(%) | 1(6.7) | 5(12.5) | 8(34.8) | 0.035 | 4(33.3) |
| History of PCI/CABG,n(%) | 1(6.7) | 9(22.5) | 13(56.5) | 0.021 | 4(33.3) |
| NYHA class ≥ II,n(%) | 3(20.0) | 9(22.5) | 9(39.1) | 0.293 | 5(41.7) |
| Systolic blood pressure (SD),mmHg | 137.2(18.9) | 147.3(19.7) | 159.6(27.0) | 0.017 | 136.4(14.5) |
| Diastolic blood pressure (SD),mmHg | 88.3(16.4) | 86.6(9.3) | 91.6(12.5) | 0.357 | 78.1(12.8) |
| eGFR,ml/min | 64.7(1.3) | 64.3(3.3) | 65(0) | 0.535 | 65(0) |
| Glucose (SD),mg/dL | 109.0(50.7) | 119.1(39.2) | 141.3(70.0) | 0.170 | 124.5(79.8) |
| Beta-blockers,n(%) | 3(20.0) | 10(25.0) | 16(69.6) | 0.001 | 6(50.0) |
| ACE-I or ARBs,n(%) | 8(53.3) | 14(35.0) | 11(47.8) | 0.385 | 4(33.3) |
| TZD,n(%) | 1(6.7) | 11(27.5) | 5(21.7) | 0.249 | 1(8.3) |
| Statins,n(%) | 5(33.3) | 21(52.5) | 18(78.3) | 0.019 | 8(66.7) |
| Current or former smoker,n(%) | 7(46.7) | 21(52.5) | 11(57.8) | 0.817 | 7(58.3) |
MI=myocardial infarction; NYHA=New York Heart Association heart failure class; ACE-I= angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor.